人力资本外部性地区分化研究——基于产业多样性和城市群经济视角

Research on the Regional Differentiation of Human Capital Externalities:Based on Industrial Diversity and Urban Agglomeration Economy

城市人力资本外部性是城市全要素生产率提升的关键因素,但中国城市人力资本外部性却存在显著的差异性与地区分化特征。因此,本文整合中国居民收入调查数据库(CHIP)数据及城市中观数据,利用Mincer工资方程并以各城市高校扩招窗口期高考录取人数增量为工具变量,检验了中国城市人力资本外部性的地区分化特征,并从产业多样性与城市群经济的视角对人力资本外部性地区分化进行了解释。研究结果表明:中国城市人力资本外部性引致的工资溢价水平大致处于10%—20%的区间,但城市人力资本外部性存在典型的地区分化特征,且呈现出典型的东部地区、中部地区、西部地区的梯次衰减特征,同时地区间人力资本外部性差异在时间维度上还存在扩大趋势。产业多样性和城市群经济是决定城市人力资本外部性水平的关键因素,城市人力资本外部性在地区维度逐渐分化。最后,本文针对中部地区和西部地区提升人力资本外部性水平提出了相关建议。

Urban human capital externalities are considered to be the key factor to improve urban total factor productivity,but there are significant differences and regional differentiation characteristics in human capital externalities between cities in China.The existing literature mainly explains the differences from the perspectives of city scale and the development of the service industry,but lacks an investigation of the direct relation between industrial diversity and urban human capital externalities.The combination of industrial diversity and human capital externalities can provide an explanation for the regional differentiation of Chinese human capital externalities.In this regard,this paper integrates the micro-data of the Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP) and the corresponding urban macro-data,uses the Mincerian wage equation,and takes the increase in the number of college students enrolled in the college entrance examination during the enrollment expansion window of each city as an instrumental variable.It examines the regional differentiation characteristics of human capital externalities in China′s cities and explains the regional differentiation of human capital externalities from the perspectives of industrial diversity and urban agglomeration economy.The research results show that the wage premium level caused by human capital externalities in China′s cities is roughly in the range of 10%—20%.In terms of spatial distribution,the wage premium level caused by human capital externalities declines gradually from the eastern to western regions,and the regional differences in human capital externalities also show an expanding trend in the time dimension.At the same time,the diversified development ability of the urban service industry and the coordinated development ability of urban agglomeration are the key factors that determine the level of urban human capital externalities.It is also the differences in the diversified development ability of the urban service industry between regions that lead to the regional differentiation characteristics of human capital externalities.Finally,this paper puts forward relevant suggestions for improving the levels of human capital externalities in the central and western regions.This paper has extended the previous literature from two aspects.On the one hand,this paper notes the relationship between the spatial distribution extension characteristics of industrial agglomeration and urban agglomeration economy,so that the “complementary” human capital externalities begin to show the cross-city characteristics within the region.Thus,this paper,by introducing the urban agglomeration economy model,depicts the effect of human capital externalities caused by industrial complementarity between spatially adjacent cities and expands the connotation of industrial diversity,which is rarely discussed in the relevant literature.On the other hand,based on the understanding of the endogenous problem of the Mincerian wage equation,this paper uses an instrumental variable that is more logically reasonable and can better control the two-way causal effect between human capital and wage income,to ensure the consistency of parameter estimation and the accuracy of human capital externality identification.