教育发展、技术创新与乡村产业升级

Education Development,Technological Innovation and Rural Industrial Upgrading

产业升级是乡村振兴的核心,教育能提升农村劳动力的知识技能,高质量劳动力和科技创新融合是乡村产业升级的有效途径。基于2001—2020年我国各省份省际面板数据,从教育扩展和教育差距两个维度衡量教育发展状况,理论探讨了教育发展对乡村产业升级效应及技术创新的中介机制。研究发现:教育扩展对乡村产业升级具有促进作用,并呈倒U型关系,教育差距抑制了乡村产业升级;农村技术创新在教育发展与乡村产业升级中发挥了中介效应。据此,应提高教育投入水平,促进地区教育均衡发展,鼓励人才回流农村,加强人力资本与科技创新的融合,推进农业经营数字化,提高农村科研成果转化效率,促进乡村产业转型升级。

Industrial upgrading is the core of rural revitalization,education can improve the knowledge and skills of rural labor,high-quality labor and scientific and technological innovation integration is an effective way to upgrade rural industries.Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 2001 to 2020,this paper measures education development from the two dimensions of education expansion and education gap,and theoretically discusses the mediating mechanism of education development on rural industrial upgrading effect and technological innovation.The results show that the expansion of education can promote the upgrading of rural industry,and the relationship is in inverted U shape,and the education gap inhibits the upgrading of rural industry;the mechanism test and analysis show that rural technological innovation plays a mediating effect in education development and rural industrial upgrading.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the level of education investment,promote the level of regional education balance,encourage the return of talents to rural areas,strengthen the integration of human capital and scientific and technological innovation,promote the digitalization of agricultural operations,promote the transformation of rural scientific research results,and promote the transformation and upgrading of rural industries.