典型船用通导设备低温性能试验研究

Experimental Study on the Low Temperature Performance of Typical Marine Communication and Navigation Equipment

目的建立有效的低温试验检测手段及评估方法,以保障冰区航行船舶在低温环境下的通讯导航能力。方法在国军标与船标的指导下,针对典型船用通导设备磁罗经与电子罗经,开展包括试前工作测试、–25℃低温贮存试验、–20℃低温工作试验以及附加防寒措施的系列考核试验。结果试验成功复现了低温环境下磁罗经与电子罗经的性能失效模式。磁罗经经历低温后,磁力指向稳定性大幅减弱,试验前后指向刻度最大偏差可达3.3°;电子罗经经历低温后,指向误差最大可达3.7°,电流最大增长32.8%。通过遮蔽防寒、伴热措施保温后,整个试验过程中温度趋于稳定,磁罗经与电子罗经的刻度示值变化幅度减小。结论磁罗经内部部件机械阻尼的增大以及自差校正磁棒磁力的改变是引起磁罗经定位精度率波动、定位误差变大的主要原因。电子罗经天线内部电气元件的性能改变是引起指向刻度变化的主要因素。通过采取一定的防寒保温措施,减小温度变化范围,将有利于提高磁罗经与电子罗经低温工作的稳定性。

The work aims to establish an effective low temperature test and evaluation method to ensure the communication and navigation ability of ships sailing in ice area.A series of tests including pre-trial working test,–25℃low temperature stor-age test,–20℃low temperature working test and additional winterization measures were carried out for electronic compass and magnetic compass under the guidance of national military standard and ship standard.The tests successfully reproduced the performance failure mode of the electronic compass and magnetic compass in low temperature environment.The magnetic pointing stability of the magnetic compass was greatly weakened after low temperature test,and the maximum deviation of the pointing scale before and after the test could reach 3.3°.Likewise,the maximum pointing deviation of electronic compass after low temperature test reached 3.7°and the maximum current increased by 32.8%.However,the temperature tended to be stable during the whole test process and the scale value of the magnetic compass and electronic compass decreased after the insulation was carried out by shielding and heat tracing measures.According to the analysis,the increase of the mechanical damping of the internal components of magnetic compass and the change of the magnetic force of the self-correcting magnetic rod are the main reasons for the fluctuation of the positioning accuracy rate and the increase of the positioning error.The performance change of the internal electrical components of the electronic compass antenna is the main factor causing the variation of pointing scales.It is beneficial to improving the stability of electronic compass and magnetic compass in low temperature operation by taking some winterization measures to reduce the range of temperature change.