海工高强钢在海水中应力腐蚀研究进展

Research Progress of Stress Corrosion of Marine High-strength Steel in Seawater

从高强钢材料的合金成分、金相组织、加工工艺、残余应力以及海水温度、Cl^(-)浓度、pH值等环境条件和腐蚀程度等方面总结了高强钢应力腐蚀的影响因素。结合高强钢的使用环境和力学特点,简述了高强钢的应力腐蚀开裂机理,包括氢致开裂理论、阳极溶解理论、腐蚀产物楔入理论、应力吸附破裂理论等。针对高强钢在海洋环境中的应力腐蚀问题,分别从组织成分优化、表面处理和阴极保护等方面论述了应力腐蚀防护方法。最后,展望了应力腐蚀机理与防护的发展方向。

The work aims to summarize the factors affecting the stress corrosion of high-strength steel from the aspects of alloy composition,metallographic structure,processing technology,residual stress,seawater temperature,Cl^(-)concentration,pH and other environmental conditions and corrosion degree.Combined with the operating environment and mechanical character-istics of high-strength steel,the stress corrosion cracking mechanism of high-strength steel was briefly introduced,including hy-drogen induced cracking theory,anode dissolution theory,corrosion product wedging theory,stress adsorption cracking theory,etc.Aiming at the problem of stress corrosion of high strength steel in marine environment,the protection methods of stress corrosion were discussed from the aspects of structure composition optimization,surface treatment and cathodic protection.Fi-nally,the development direction of stress corrosion mechanism and protection was prospected.