新中国初期群众体育的场域实践与社会效能——基于1949-1978年环城赛跑活动的考察

The Field Practice and Social Efficiency of Mass Sports in the early days of PRC:An Investigation Based on the 1949-1978 Round-City Race Activity

新中国成立后,党和政府高度重视人民体育事业,环城赛跑活动应运而生,并逐渐成为群众性体育活动的重要场域。通过文献资料整理,回顾、分析新中国环城赛跑活动的缘起、推广和普及,就1949-1978年间环城赛跑活动与政治、社会的互动关系进行探讨。参与度、影响力不断提升的背景下,环城赛跑演化为政治实践场域,被组织者赋予展示面貌、凝聚群体的空间功能。作为群众体育的重要方式,环城赛跑活动发挥了强身健体、精神激励、科学闲暇、楷模引领等多方面社会效能。虽在特定历史时期存在非理性的价值导向,但环城赛跑的产生及变迁彰显出新中国“社会主义体育”的建构过程,为群众体育事业发展积累了宝贵经验。

After the founding of the People's Republic of China,the Communist Party of China and the government attached great importance to people's sports,the Round-city race came into being,and gradually became an important field of mass sports.Through the literature,this paper reviews and analyzes the origin,promotion,and popularization of the round-city race in the People's Republic of China,discusses the interactive relationship between the round-city race and politics and society from 1949 to 1978,and depicts how the Round-city race was held in different historical stages.Under the background of increasing participation and influence,the Round-city race has evolved into the field of political practice,which is endowed with the spatial function of showing spirit and condensing group by organizers.As an important way of mass sports,the Round-city race has exerted many social effects,such as physical fitness,spiritual motivation,scientific leisure and model leading.Although there was an irrational value orientation in the historical period,the emergence and changes of the race around the city showed the construction process of"socialist sports"in the People's Republic of China and accumulated valuable experience for the development of mass sports.