公开声讨:新型网络道德批判机制的兴起与反思

Public Denunciation:The Rise and Reflection of a New Network Moral Criticism Mechanism

互联网的纵深发展深刻地改变了人们的联结机制与交往活动,影响了道德规范在虚拟场域的约束力,促进了公开声讨的网络复兴。网络时代的公开声讨是指由个体发起,经群体参与,针对道德失范者实施公开揭露、言语谴责、人肉搜索等方式的道德批判行为,往往会使被声讨者在短时间内陷入“千夫所指”与“社会性死亡”的窘境。虽然公开声讨对深化道德共识、汇聚社会批判、引发社会思考和促进问题的解决具有一定的积极价值,但极易因惩罚过度、批判失焦、剧情反转和舆情操纵等问题而诱发公众道德冷漠、网络暴力,甚至产生意识形态风险。公开声讨的网络复兴具有复杂的动因,包括现代信息技术释放话语权力、个人诉诸舆论施压进行维权、道德失范行为引发集体愤怒以及声讨成本低廉而效果持续深刻等。对公开声讨现象的治理,应从提升公众网络传播素养、强化网络行为公共意识、完善个人权益保障机制以及增强虚拟场域法治理念等方面着手,使其转变为理性对话、平等交流与氛围宽容的道德规劝过程。

The in-depth development of the internet has profoundly changed the connection mechanism and communication activities of people,and also affected the binding force of moral norms in the virtual field,which has spawned the internet revival of public denunciation.Public denunciation in the internet era refers to moral criticism initiated by individuals and participated by groups,and carried out public disclosure,verbal condemnation,human flesh search and other methods against the morally unethical,which can often make the denounced person fall into the dilemma of thousands of fingers and social deathin a short period of time.Public denunciation has certain positive values for deepening moral consensus,gathering social criticism,triggering social thinking and promoting problem solving,but it may also induce public moral apathy,cyber violence,and even ideological risks due to excessive punishment,unfocused criticism,plot reversal,and public opinion manipulation.The internet revival of public denounciation has complicated causes,such as the release of discourse power by modern information technology,the rights protection of individuals under pressure by public opinion,the collective anger caused by moral misconduct,and the low cost and profound effect of denouncing.To deal with the phenomenon of public denounciation,it is necessary to improve the public's online communication literacy,strengthen public awareness of online behavior,improve the protection mechanism of individual rights and interests,and enhance the legal concept of virtual field,so as to transform it into a moral exhortation process of rational dialogue,equal communication and tolerant atmosphere.