当代资本主义数据权力的统治关系批判及其启示

Criticism and Enlightenment on the Dominant Relationship of Data Power in Contemporary Capitalism

大数据时代,“数据”作为核心生产资料参与数字化生产,是数字化社会运行不可或缺的要素,占有数据即占有权力。在当代资本主义范式下,数据被融入资本逻辑展开增殖,传统意义上的“掠夺、剥削、渗透”和“驯化、新殖民、新垄断”被赋予了新的形式与内涵,主要体现为数据权力被私人资本、国家资本乃至国际资本所垄断。而且,数字资本通过与金融资本的结合,实化、固化和强化了数字统治关系。由此,需要基于企业、国家、国际三个层面,对控制数据流动、获取超额利润、联合金融资本投机、改造大众认知、影响社会舆论、干涉他国政治文化、攫取他国剩余价值等数据权力的统治关系展开研究。随着数字全球化的演进,数据权力正在深刻重塑着世界政治经济格局,其资本主义垄断也日益产生了数据霸权、数字鸿沟、发展失衡、脱实向虚、治理困境、公平赤字、两极分化等世界性问题。直面问题,汲取经验,新时代亟须发挥政府引导数字资本健康发展的作用,支持国有企业、创新型企业参与数据权力分配,倡导构建“数字命运共同体”破解数据霸权。

In the era of big data,data,as the core means of production,participates in digital production,which is an indispensable element in the operation of a digital society.To possess data is to possess power.Under the contemporary capitalist paradigm,data is integrated into the logic of capital to proliferate,and the traditional concepts of plunder,exploitation,infiltration and domestication,neocolonialism,and neo-monopoly are given new forms and connotations,mainly reflected in the monopoly of data power by private capital,national capital,and even international capital.Moreover,through the combination of digital capital and financial capital,the relationship between digital governance has been materialized,solidified,and strengthened.Therefore,based on the three levels of enterprise,country and international,it is necessary to study the governance relationship of data power,such as controlling data flow,obtaining excess profits,combining financial capital speculation,transforming public awareness,influencing public opinion,interfering in other countries'political culture,and seizing other countries'surplus value.With the evolution of digital globalization,data power is profoundly reshaping the political and economic landscape of the world.Its capitalist monopoly has also increasingly generated global problems such as data hegemony,digital divide,development imbalance,shifting from reality to emptiness,governance dilemma,fair deficit,polarization,and so on.Facing problems directly and drawing on experience,it is urgent to play the role of the government in guiding the healthy development of digital capital in the new era,support state-owned enterprises and innovative enterprises to participate in data power distribution,and advocate the construction of a digital community with a shared future to crack data hegemony.