广东省职业性尘肺病患者新冠疫苗接种犹豫现状及影响因素

Current status and influencing factors of hesitation of occupational pneumoconiosis patients on Covid-19 vaccination in Guangdong Province

目的 了解广东省职业性尘肺病患者新冠疫苗接种犹豫的影响因素,为改善尘肺患者的“疫苗犹豫”问题提供参考依据。方法 在2022年9-11月,通过使用广东省各地市历年职业性尘肺病调查信息与尘肺病报告系统,筛选18周岁及以上的常住尘肺病患者,采用系统抽样方法抽取调查对象,通过电话随访进行问卷调查,随后对数据进行多元逐步回归分析。结果 获取符合要求的问卷共339份,其中疫苗犹豫的影响因素共14个条目,按标准偏回归系数相关性从大到小依次为:“医生、社区等专业人士对新冠疫苗的推荐,我会更愿意接种”、“认为经国家批准上市的疫苗是安全性的”、“如果政府推荐接种新冠疫苗,我相信接种是有益的”等9个因素与疫苗犹豫具有相关性。结论 国家应进行心理干预应对策略及健康教育措施,客观提供现有和正在研制疫苗的有关信息,更多关注职业病患者疫苗犹豫情况,提高新冠疫苗接种率,改善尘肺病患者的疫苗犹豫现状,从而充分发挥新冠疫苗在新冠感染中的重要保护作用。

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the hesitation of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Guangdong Province to receive COVID-19 vaccine so as to provide reference for eliminating their “vaccine hesitancy”.Methods From September 2022 to November 2022,a cohort of patients aged 18 years and above were selected from Guangdong occupational pneumoconiosis report system as the subjects in the survey by systematic sampling method.Questionnaire survey was conducted by telephone follow-up,and the acquired data were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression.Results A total of 339 questionnaires meeting the requirements were obtained,including 14 items affecting factors of “vaccine hesitation”.According to the standard partial regression coefficient,nine factors were correlated with vaccine hesitancy,in the order from the largest to the smallest correlation,e.g.,“I would be more willing to get vaccinated if recommended by doctors,community and other professionals,” “I believe that vaccines approved by the state are safe,” and “If the government recommends vaccination,I believe it will be beneficial.”,etc.Conclusion The government should carry out psychological interventions for coping strategies and health education measures to provide objective information about existing and developing vaccines and meanwhile pay more attention to the vaccine hesitancy of occupational disease patients so so to increase the vaccination rate and eliminate their vaccine hesitancy for the ultimate purpose of giving full play to the important protective role of the novel coronavirus vaccine in preventing Covid-19.