信息网络基础设施建设的就业效应:结构变化与机制分析

The Employment Effects of Information Network Infrastructure Construction:Structural Changes and Mechanism Analysis

在信息网络建设快速发展时期,中国的制造业就业比重却渐次下降。在此背景下,文章使用两部门模型推演出信息网络基础设施建设对就业结构的重塑机制。实证研究发现,信息网络基础设施建设推动了制造业就业向服务业转型,且具有长期动态效应。其中,收入效应和劳动生产率效应是重要传导机制。城市规模较大、人口素质较高和老龄化程度较低的城市制造业就业比重受到的影响更大。鉴于此,应进一步协调信息网络基础设施建设布局,充分利用数字平台和技术优势来支持新就业形态的发展,优化就业服务和社会保障,引导构建学习型社会,持续提升劳动者技能水平,以应对数字时代的挑战、提高社会福利、降低结构性失业风险。

During the period of rapid development in information network infrastructure,the employment proportion in China's manufacturing sector has been gradually declining.Against this background,this paper employs a two-sector model to deduce the mechanism of how the construction of information network infrastructure reshapes China's employment structure.Empirical research reveals that the construction of information network infrastructure has indeed driven the transition of employment from manufacturing to services,with long-term dynamic effects.Among these,income effects and labor productivity effects serve as significant channels.The impact on the employment proportion in manufacturing is found to be more pronounced in cities with a larger scale,higher quality population,and lower degree of aging.In light of these findings,this paper recommends that the government and relevant institutions should further coordinate the layout of information network infrastructure construction,take full advantage of digital platforms and technological strengths to support the development of new forms of employment,optimize employment services and social security,guide the construction of a learning society,continuously improve the skill level of laborers,in order to face the challenges of the digital era,enhance social welfare,and reduce the risk of structural unemployment.