第五领域的法律秩序:网络主权概念的溯源与构建

The Legal Order of the Fifth Domain: the Origin and Construction of the Concept of Network Sovereignty

国家参与互联网领域的统治与管辖体现了主权从实在走向虚拟,从自然走向拟制的趋势。互联网空间已经成为人类在陆、海、空、天之外活动的第五领域。自然主体通过互联网的协议打造的“无知之幕”,以信息为基础塑造了在虚拟空间的网民身份。网民的身份归属是网络国际法的管辖内容,其技术基础是基于互联网协议分配的域名地址,网民的地址构成了互联网主权的“关键信息”。综观主权与土地、海洋、天空、太空的结合历史,法律拟制尤其是制裁手段的规范化是国际法秩序的熵减的必要手段。行为在纯粹互联网空间的法律化是国家在互联网空间创设主权的共同确信,主权主体在争夺自然技术上的管理权之外,也应当缔结互联网领域的根本法,规范网民、社群与国家的准入与行为。

The state participating in the rule and jurisdiction of the Internet reflects the trend of sovereignty moving from reality to fictitiousness,and from nature to fiction.The Internet space has become the fifth domain of human activities outside the land,sea,air and space.Natural subjects create the"veil of ignorance"through Internet protocols,and the identity of netizens in the virtual space is based on information.The attribution of netizens'identities is governed by the network international law,and its technical basis is the domain name addresses assigned based on Internet protocols.The addresses of netizens constitute the"key information"of Internet sovereignty.Looking at the history of the combination of sovereignty with land,sea,air and space,legal fiction,especially the standardisation of sanction means,is a necessary means to reduce the entropy of the order of international law.The legalization of an act in the pure Internet space is a common affirmation of the state's creation of sovereignty in the Internet space.Besides competing for the management right in the natural technology,the subjects of sovereignty shall also establish a fundamental law in the Internet space to regulate the access and acts of netizens,communities and the state.