大学生“佛系”现象的现状、成因及自救策略

College Students Being"Laid Back":Current Situation,Causes and Remedy

“佛系”在实际生活及学习中会对大学生造成自主性式微、教育实效性弱化、与主流形态意识相搏等消极影响。通过SPSS对收集到的1001份苏、皖地区有效数据进行分析,并结合对9名大学生的深度访谈发现:(1)“佛系”现象在大学生群体中普遍存在,但大学生对“佛系”的判断存在偏差;(2)大学生的“佛系”主要表现在学业和人际交往方面;(3)“佛系”大学生具有高依从性;(4)大学生对自己的“佛系”状态会产生焦虑或感到自责,虽会采取一定措施调整状态,但积极努力的状态往往不会持久;(5)“佛系”大学生主要受内部因素(自我效能感低、不稳定的情绪、处于舒适区、精神压力)和外部因素(家庭环境、“佛系”环境、任务难度和完成期限、互联网)共同影响。基于此,“佛系”现象的消退需要大学生改变认知,并落实到具体的行为之中。具体而言,“佛系”大学生应认识“佛系”的消极影响,并对自我进行去“佛系”标签化;科学制定计划,维持适当的动机水平;向积极环境靠拢,养成积极乐观人格;自评和他评相结合,建立适宜的奖惩制度。

When college students are laid back in their life and study,they tend to decrease their subjectivity and go against the mainstream ideology and the educational effectiveness may be weakened.An analysis of 1oo1 questionnaires collected in Jiangsu and Anhui and indepth interviews with 9 college students show that:(1)It is a universal phenomenon that college students are"laid back",although there is deviation in their judgment of being laid back or not;(2)College students are laid back in mainly academic field and interpersonal relationship;(3)Laid-back college students have high compliance;(4)They are worried and feel guilty about their state of being laid back.Although they may take certain measures to cease the state,their efforts may not persist;(5)Internal factors(low self-efficacy,unstable mood,comfort-zone mentality,mental pressure)and external factors(family environment,slack environment,task difficulty and deadline,Internet)are combined to lead to the laid-back mentality.Therefore,in order to wipe out the laid-back phenomenon,college students need to change their mentality and behaviors.Specifically,they must understand the negative effects of the laid-back mentality and remove the label on themselves of being"laid back".Also,they need to formulate scientific plans to maintain a proper level of motivation and position themselves near or in the midst of positive environment.Furthermore,self-assessment and external assessment should be combined to constitute an appropriate incentive system.