企业参与现代学徒制的意愿研究——基于对酒店企业的深度访谈

Research on Enterprises' Participation Willingness in Modern Apprenticeship System——Based on In-depth Interviews with Hotel Enterprises

现代学徒制是职业教育主动服务当前经济和社会发展要求的战略选择。在各院校试点过程中,现代学徒制的实施暴露出了很多问题。如何从微观到宏观各层面通过制度的建设激发企业和学生等利益相关者的参与积极性,成为现代学徒制面临的关键问题。以服务生态系统理论作为指导,通过对酒店企业进行深度访谈,借助扎根理论对访谈数据进行分析处理,旨在了解酒店企业参与现代学徒制的现状、意愿,探讨现代学徒制企业参与现代学徒制的阻碍因素,提炼出影响酒店企业参与现代学徒制的四个核心类属,即酒店对现代学徒制认知缺乏、师傅团队选拔激励难、学徒培养难见成效、现代学徒制操作缺乏标准。基于研究结果提出增强企业参与现代学徒制意愿的建议,包括提升酒店行业对现代学徒制的认知度和认同感,构建相对稳定的师徒关系,基于现代学徒制的利益相关者各方诉求加强相关制度建设,根据我国国情加强现代学徒制的顶层规划,打造中国模式等。

Guided by service ecosystem theory,in-depth interviews with hotel enterprises are conducted and interview data is analyzed with grounded theory to reveal the status quo and hotel enterprises' willingness to participate in modern apprenticeship system,and explore factors hindering hotel enterprises' participation willingness.Four major factors are extracted:1) hotel enterprises' insufficient recognition of modern apprenticeship system;2) the difficulties in the selection and motivation of the master team;3) the difficulty in achieving apprentice training results;4) and lack of standards for modern apprenticeship system.Based on the research results,suggestions are put forward to enhance the willingness of hotel enterprises to participate in modern apprenticeship:first,improve the recognition and identity of modern apprenticeship in hotel industry;second,build a relatively stable mentoring relationship;third,promote system construction to meet the demands of all stakeholders;fourth,accelerate top-level planning for modern apprenticeship system according to China's national conditions,so as to build a Chinese model.