反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化微生物的生态分布研究进展

Research progress on ecological distribution of denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidizing microorganisms

反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化(DAMO)过程是以甲烷为唯一电子供体、硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐为电子受体的生物化学过程,这一过程在碳氮元素生物地球化学循环和控制全球温室效应方面都起着非常重要的作用。综述了DAMO微生物在典型生态系统(如淡水湖泊、湿地、河流)和非典型生态系统(如海洋、盐湖)中的分布特征、群落结构、物种丰度及影响因素,探究了不同区域环境中DAMO微生物的多样性差异,对比讨论了DAMO微生物环境调研采用的主要检测方法。DAMO微生物在绝大部分生态环境中均有分布,且DAMO微生物在不同生境间的群落结构和物种丰度均存在一定差异,其中盐水环境与淡水环境中的DAMO微生物差异较大。水体中的总碳、TP/TN、氨氮含量也是影响DAMO微生物菌群分布的重要因素。然而,目前针对DAMO古菌的环境调研非常缺乏,还需要开展更多的研究工作。此外,更特异/有效的引物设计以及其他检测技术的发展将有利于进一步认识和理解环境中DAMO微生物的多样性及生态功能。

Denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation(DAMO)is a biochemical process in which methane is the sole electron donor and nitrate or nitrite is the electron acceptor.The process plays an important role in the biogeochemi⁃cal cycle of carbon and nitrogen,as well as in controlling the global greenhouse effect.The distribution characteris⁃tics,community structure,species abundance,and influencing factors of DAMO microbes in typical ecosystems(such as freshwater lakes,wetlands,rivers)and atypical ecosystems(such as oceans,salt lakes)and the diversity differences of DAMO microbes in different regions were reviewed.The main detection methods used in the environ⁃mental investigation of DAMO microbes were compared with each other and discussed.It was found that DAMO mi⁃crobes distribute in most ecological environments,and the community structure and species abundance of DAMO microbes were different in habitats.DAMO microbes in saline environment and freshwater environment were quite different.The contents of total carbon,TP/TN and ammonia nitrogen in water were also important factors affecting the distribution of DAMO microbes.However,the environmental investigation of DAMO archaea was also very lack⁃ing,thus needed more research.In addition,the development of more specific/effective primers design and other de⁃tection technologies will help to further understand the diversity and ecological functions of DAMO microbes in the environment.