人体骨组织数值与形态特点

Histological reference values and morphological characteristics of human bone

目的 :研究确立骨组织数据的基准参照点,为医学、生物学和人类学等相关研究提供参考。方法 :利用昆明市区10例,汉族、30岁±1岁男性的正常额骨和股骨新鲜解剖学教学标本作为研究材料,制作骨磨片。获取额骨鳞部垂直位、水平位骨磨片和股骨中段水平位骨磨片。在光学显微镜下,观察骨组织的类型和各自的细胞数量(代表骨组织所占百分比例);并测量骨细胞的长径、宽径和厚径。分别直接测量与应用生物力学测量仪测量“额鳞中部”新鲜骨、脱脂脱水骨和煅烧骨的密度与抗压强度。结果 :额骨鳞部骨组织分为编织骨(62.0%)、板层骨(28.8%)和束状骨(9.2%)3种类型;骨细胞亦呈扁椭圆形,但体积大于股骨骨细胞;其中编织骨骨细胞椭圆面平行于颅骨表面。股骨中份骨组织分为骨单位(68.5%)、间骨板(27.3%)和环骨板(4.2%)3种类型;股骨多数骨细胞长径与骨单位中央管平行。“额鳞中部”新鲜骨、脱脂脱水骨和煅烧骨的密度与抗压强度的相关系数为0.6074。结论 :获得一特定人群中额骨与股骨的骨细胞的方向和径值、骨组织的类型和占比,确立了骨组织结构数据的一个基准参照点。额鳞中部骨的密度与抗压强度呈线性正相关关系。

Objective:To establish the reference point of bone tissue structure data.Methods:The normal frontal bone and femur of 10 Han,(30±1)-year-old males in Kunming were used to make bone grinding slices including vertical and horizontal bone slices of the frontal bone scale,and the horizontal bone slices of the middle femur.Under the optical microscope,the types of bone tissue and the number of bone cells(representing the percentage of bone tissue)were investigated at random in three visual fields of each bone slice,and the length,width and thickness of bone cells were measured.The density and compressive strength of fresh bone,defatted and dehydrated bone and calcined bone in the middle part of frontal scale were measured directly and by biomechanics measuring instrument.Results:It was found that there were three types of bone tissue in the scale of the frontal bone:braided bone(62.0%),lamellar bone(28.8%)and fascicular bone(9.2%).Bone cells were also oblate-elliptic in shape,but were larger than those of femur,and the oval surface of braided bone cells was parallel to the surface of skull.There were three types of bone tissue in the middle part of femur including bone unit(68.5%),interosseous plate(27.3%)and annular plate(4.2%);the long diameter of most bone cells in femur was parallel to the central canal of bone unit.The correlation coefficient between the compressive strength and the density of fresh,defatted and dehydrated bone was 0.6074.Conclusion:The direction and diameter of bone cells,the type and proportion of bone tissue in frontal bone and femur of a specific population are obtained,and a reference point of bone tissue structure data is established.There was a linear positive correlation between bone density and compressive strength in the middle part of frontal scale.