猕猴颈椎钩椎关节拟作为人类替代物的对比研究进展

Reseand progress of the cervical uncovertebral joint of macaques as a substitute for humans

钩椎关节是颈椎所特有的关节,并作为从无到有的脊柱力学产物,与颈椎的稳定性、旋转运动等有着密切关系。随着年龄增长,椎间盘退变、骨赘形成、钩突骨折等诸多变化导致压迫周围神经血管而出现相应的颈椎病症状,在临床治疗中往往需要围绕钩突进行相应治疗。如何探寻针对钩椎关节预防、治疗的最佳方案是学者研究的热点,但钩椎关节并不是所有动物均具备的。经文献查阅和基础研究表明灵长类动物中猕猴具备该结构,并且和人类颈椎最具有高度同源性。现拟围绕猕猴颈椎从解剖结构、生物力学、生理学、免疫学、伦理学等方面予以综述,以探究猕猴颈椎钩椎关节能否成为人类颈椎钩椎关节的最佳替代物。

As a unique joint of cervical spine,the uncovertebral joint develop as a changing biomechanical product of the cervical spine with age,closely related to the stability and rotational motion of the cervical spine.Aging,intervertebral disc degeneration,osteophyte formation,uncinate process fracture,and other lesions can lead to compression of the surrounding neurovascular and the related symptoms of cervical spondylosis,so clinical treatment often needs to be carried out around the uncovertebral joint.The search for the best prevention and treatment options for the uncovertebral joint is a hot topic.However,not all animals have uncovertebral joints.After a literature review and basic research,we found that macaques have this structure among primates,and it is the most homologous to the human cervical spine.This review will describe the anatomical,biomechanical,physiological,immunological,and etiological aspects of the cervical uncovertebral joint in macaques to investigate whether it can be the best substitute to human cervical uncovertebral joints.