胃癌靶向药物治疗的研究进展

Research progress of targeted drug therapy for gastric cancer

胃癌是消化系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率和病死率位居我国恶性肿瘤前列。手术切除是胃癌患者的首选治疗方法,但中晚期胃癌患者由于失去手术根治机会,只能采取化疗药物治疗及靶向治疗手段。目前,临床上主要采用血管生长抑制剂、表皮生长因子受体抑制剂(EGFR)、间质上皮细胞转化因子(MET)激酶抑制剂、磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)/雷帕霉素分子靶点(mTOR)抑制剂等对中晚期胃癌患者进行治疗,取得了较好的效果,有效延长了患者生存期,提高了患者生命质量。随着胃癌靶向治疗研究的不断深入和新型化疗药物的研发,根据胃癌患者的自身情况个性化选择化疗药物及制订治疗方案从而增强临床胃癌靶向治疗效果越来越受到关注。本文对近年来胃癌靶向药物治疗的相关研究进行综述,以期为临床中不同人群选择合适的靶向药物、开展个性化治疗及联合治疗提供科学理论依据,从而减少治疗过程中可能出现的不良反应,增强患者的治疗效果,改善生存预后。

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system,and its present incidence and mortality rate are among the highest in China.Surgical resection is the most important treatment for patients with gastric cancer,however,patients of gastric carcinoma in middle or late stages have lost the opportunity for radical treatment,so the main treatment measures at this stage are chemotherapy or targeted therapy.At present,vascular growth inhibitors,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)inhibitors,mesenchymal epithelial cell transforming factor(MET)inhibitors,phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/molecular target of rapamycin(mTOR)inhibitors,were mainly used to treat patients with advanced gastric cancer,which has achieved good results,effectively extended the survival period of patients and improved the quality of life of patients.With the progress of the targeted therapies and rapid development of new therapeutic drugs in gastric cancer,more and more attention has been paid to the personalized selection of chemotherapeutic drugs and the formulation of treatment plans according to the patients'own conditions,so as to enhance the clinical effect of targeted treatment of gastric cancer.This study reviews recently researches on the targeted drug therapy for gastric cancer to provide scientific and theoretical basis for different populations in clinical practice to select appropriate targeted drugs,carry out personalized therapy and combination therapy,so as to reduce the possible adverse reactions in the treatment process,improve the treatment effect of patients,and improve survival prediction.