关键期假说在二语句法习得中的差异化效应——以形态句法及否定习得为例

On the Differential CP Effects in SLA Syntax:from the Acquisition of Morphosyntax to Negation

关键期一直是二语习得乃至整个语言习得领域的重要课题。年龄这一重要因素是否会对第二语言习得过程中的每一个模块及现象产生统一的影响,亦或是第二语言的各层面习得都有各自的关键期效应都值得深入研究。本文基于原则与参数理论框架,聚焦二语习得的句法各层面所受关键期的不同影响,以句法习得层面的形态句法功能模块以及否定实义模块为研究对比对象,通过对以往实验的讨论以及对句法层面的理论分析,来论证关键期在二语句法习得过程存在相应的效应差异。并最终得出关键期在二语句法功能模块时具有较强的效应,而在习得否定句之类的实义模块时则关键期效应较弱。

The critical period has long been an important research topic in second language acquisition even in the whole field of language acquisition.It is worth further investigating whether the factor of age will uniformly affect every module and phenomenon in the process of second language acquisition or whether every level of language acquisition has its own critical period effect.Under the framework of Principles and Parameters,this article focuses on the influence of the critical period on the syntactic level of second language acquisition.Taking the functional module like morphosyntax and the lexical module like negation at the syntactic level as the research objects,this paper demonstrates the differential effect of the critical period in the process of second language acquisition,through the discussion of previous experiments and the theoretical analysis of the syntactic theories.Then,this article concludes that second language learners have a strong critical period effect during the acquisition of syntactic functional modules,while the critical period effect is weak in the acquisition of lexical modules such as negation.