社会学视角下我国职业教育类型定位分析

Analysis on the Type Orientation of Vocational Education in China from the Perspective of Sociology

职业教育是教育系统的子成分,是与普通教育同等重要的教育类型,其类型定位确立和强化的关键在于职业教育子系统与社会系统协调发展。立足于社会学视角,职业教育类型定位确立的必要性在于,社会系统功能稳定需整合协调职业教育子系统,社会权力争夺冲突引发职普教育分流焦虑,社会运转下职业教育交换权日益式微,社会大众固有的职业教育刻板印象阻碍社会变迁发展。其类型定位确立的依据在于,职业教育承担社会分工下各层次技术技能人才培养功能,在社会地位、权力与资源分配的冲突疏解中发挥“社会安全阀”部分职能,可促进社会个体通过人际互动获取价值资源,并通过重构职业教育社会形象推动其赋能增值。为进一步优化职业教育类型定位,需协调好职业教育内外系统,构建与普通教育协调发展的职业教育体系,提高技术技能人才社会地位和政策待遇,提升职业教育社会认可度。

Vocational education is a sub-component of the education system,which is as important as general education.The key to establish and strengthen its type position lies in the coordinated development of vocational education subsystem and social system.Based on the sociological perspective,this study makes clear the necessity of establishing the type orientation of vocational education:the stability of social system functions requires the integration and coordination of vocational education subsystems,the conflict of social power struggle causes the anxiety of vocational education diversion,the exchange right of vocational education is declining under the social operation,and the inherent stereotype of vocational education of the public hinders the social change and development.By analyzing its type orientation,vocational education undertakes the function of cultivating technical and skills talents at all levels under the social division of labor,and plays a part of the function of “social safety valve” in resolving the conflict between social status,power and resource distribution,which can promote social individuals to obtain value resources through interpersonal interaction and promote their empowerment and appreciation by reconstructing the social image of vocational education.In order to optimize the type orientation of vocational education,it is necessary to coordinate the internal and external systems of vocational education,build a vocational education system that is coordinated with general education,improve the social status and policy treatment of technical and skilled talents,and enhance the social recognition of vocational education.