人称代词“人家”变指的立场表达功能

The Stance-taking Functions of the Personal Pronoun rénjia's Variants

“人家”是现代汉语中功能最丰富、用法最复杂的人称代词,它由一种原指衍生出三种变指,几乎覆盖了人称代词系统中的所有类型:泛指他指、专指他指、对指、自指。本文借鉴功能语言学的元功能、互动语言学的立场表达等理论,通过与“他(们)、别人”对比,界定了“人家”原指的无定性等语义语用特征,进而描写、解释了“人家”三种变指和而不同的立场表达功能及其实现途径。

Renjia is the most complex one with the most functions among all the personal pronouns in contemporary Chinese,which has evolved from one original reference to three variants,covering almost all types in the personal pronoun system:general reference to others,specific reference to others,opposite reference,and self-reference.Based on the meta-function theory of functional linguistics and the stance-taking theory of interactive linguistics,this paper defines the semantic and pragmatic functions of the original reference of renjia,such as indefiniteness and so on,by comparing it with ta/tamen(he/they)and bieren(others),and then describes and explains the three kinds of harmonious but different stance-taking functions of these variants and their ways of realization.