铅慢性暴露对小鼠免疫毒性的研究

Immunotoxicity of Chronic Exposure to Lead in Mice

评估铅慢性暴露对从业者可能造成的免疫系统的影响,可为降低安全隐患提供科学依据。该研究以实验小鼠为模型,通过铅慢性暴露8周后,使用酶联免疫、qRT-PCR等方法,进行体重和子代出生数量,肝脏、肾脏和肠道内丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)、大脑皮质组超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)的检测。通过铅慢性暴露4周后,试验动物注射O型口蹄疫(Foot and Mouth Disease,FMD)疫苗,通过淋巴细胞增殖能力、自然杀伤(Natural Killer,NK)细胞活性、特异性抗体水平和细胞免疫水平,详析铅慢性暴露对小鼠免疫毒性的影响。与阴性对照组相比,铅慢性暴露后小鼠体重出现下降趋势,心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脑和脾脏等脏器的重量也下降,肠道肿胀,相应脏器系数变大铅慢性暴露后体重分别为(31.4±1.3)g、(29.4±1.1)g。对照组和铅暴露组的肾脏、肝脏、小肠、结肠中GSH、MDA分别为(5.05±0.28)、(2.65±0.23)和(39.5±9.6)、(123.2±14.2);(4.35±0.26)、(1.48±0.12)和(43.5±10.6)、(135.2±21.3);(5.26±0.27)、(1.98±0.17)和(0.32±0.07)、(0.67±0.09)。大脑皮质脑皮质组织中SOD和ROS分别为(364.35±13.26);(307.47±6.43)、(47.56±9.96)和(88.62±7.93)。自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NKC)的活性下降,淋巴细胞刺激指数显著上升。铅慢性暴露引起NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤能力显著下降,淋巴细胞刺激指数显著升高。铅慢性暴露对机体的特异性抗体水平有一定抑制作用。白介素2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、干扰素-γ(interferon,IFN-γ)水平低于对照组,IL-4水平显著升高。铅慢性暴露可损害多个器官,引起免疫功能下降,产生综合免疫毒性。

In order to provide scientific basis for reducing potential safety hazards,the impact of chronic exposure to lead on the immune system of employees were evaluated.The experimental mice were used as models in the study.After 8 weeks of chronic exposure to lead in mice,the body weight,the number of offspring born were observed.MDA and GSH in liver,kidney and intestine,the natural immune system,oxidative stress and apoptosis were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and qRT-PCR.After 4 weeks of chronic exposure to lead in mice,the experimental animals were injected with FMDV,and the specific antibody and cellular immunity level were examined.Compared with the negative control group,the body weight of mice showed a decline,and the weight of heart,liver,kidney,brain,and spleen also decreased,and the corresponding organ coefficient became larger.The body weight was(31.4±1.3)g,(29.4±1.1)g after chronic exposure.GSH and MDA in kidney,liver,small intestine,and colon in the control group and lead exposure group were(5.05±0.28),(2.65±0.23)and(39.5±9.6),(123.2±14.2);(4.35±0.26),(1.48±0.12)and(43.5±10.6),(135.2±21.3);(5.26±0.27),(1.98±0.17)and(0.32±0.07),(0.67±0.09),respectively.SOD and ROS in the cerebral cortex were(364.35±13.26);(307.47±6.43),(47.56±9.96)and(88.62+7.93),respectively.The activity of natural killer cells(NKC)decreased,and the lymphocyte stimulation index increased significantly.Chronic exposure of lead caused a significant decrease in NKC killing of target cells and a significant increase in lymphocyte stimulation index.Chronic exposure of lead has a certain inhibitory effect on the specific antibody levels of the body.The levels of interleukin 2(interleukin-2,IL-2)and interferon-(interferon,IFN-)were lower than those of the control group,and the level of IL-4 increased significantly.Chronic exposure of lead can damage multiple organs,cause a decline in immune function,and produce comprehensive immunotoxicity.