野生动物及其栖息地生态现状调查方法评估优化研究

Evaluation and Optimization of Survey Methods for Ecological Factors about Wild Animals and Their Habitats

生态现状野外调查是生态影响预测和评价的基本前提和依据,但目前的野外调查方法主要适用于评价区生态环境现状调查,对建设项目建设期及运营期潜在影响的定量预测方法较少。在全面加强野生动物保护的新形势下,针对野生动物及其栖息地相关的野生动物活跃度、野生动物物种丰富度、国家重点保护野生动物数量、野生动物栖息地连通性、植被覆盖度以及重点保护野生植物数量等6个指标,创新性地引入“相对值”,结合定性和定量的技术措施,对生态现状调查的内容、方法以及数据计算方法进行优化。优化后的调查方法不仅为客观预测建设项目对野生动物及其栖息地的潜在影响奠定了基础,还能为建设项目的前期立项、审批决策提供有效的技术支撑。

The field survey of the current ecological situation is the basis for the prediction and evaluation of ecological environment.However,the current field investigation methods focus on assessing the status of the ecological environment,and cannot accurately predict the potential impact of construction projects during construction and operation.Under the new situation of comprehensively strengthening the protection of wild animals,the paper innovatively introduced the concept of"relative value"for six indicators which were wildlife activity degree,species richness,the quantity of key national protected wild animals,habitat connectivity,vegetation coverage and the quantity of key national protected wild plants.Combining qualitative and quantitative technical measures,the optimization of the content,methods and data calculation methods of ecological status investigation were discussed.The optimized investigation method not only lays a foundation for the objective prediction of the potential impacts of construction projects on wildlife and their habitats,but also provides effective technical support for the early project approval and decision making.It also is of great significance to study how to coordinate the development of infrastructure construction with the protection of ecological environment.