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高校拔尖创新人才的选拔和培养何以“同中存异”——基于39所“强基计划”试点高校的分析 被引量:7

How to“Seek the Differences in the Same”in the Selecting and Cultivating Outstanding Innovative Talents:Based on the Analysis of 39 Pilot Universities Participating in the“Plan for Strengthening Basic Academic Disciplines”
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摘要 积极探索拔尖创新人才的选拔和培养模式是建设教育强国题中应有之义。采用文本分析法,对39所试点高校2022年“强基计划”招生简章和培养方案中趋同与分化现象进行分析,研究发现:政府制定的相关法律和政策是形成强制性趋同的效力保证;大学排名、竞争文化和进入“强基计划”的时间先后等因素推动试点高校追随高水平大学的步伐,引发模仿性趋同;人才选拔机制强化高校对“合法性”身份的追求,“强基计划”选培模式成为社会“共享观念”,促进高校间的规范性趋同。办学使命、育人目标和优势学科的差异促使不同类型的高校形成各具特色的选拔标准和培养体系,但其中存在学科与人才适配度低、考核标准同质化程度高、文科类专业特殊人才选拔通道缺失等现实困境。建议政府在深化“强基计划”人才选拔和培养进程中,扩大高校办学自主权,强化高校对拔尖创新人才培养的主体责任;改变对拔尖创新人才指标化的评价标准,推动整体教育理念的升级;鼓励高校提高人才选拔效度和精度,构建具有校本特色的人才培养模式。 Active exploration of the model to select and cultivate outstanding innovative talents is crucial to building a powerful nation of education.By using text analysis,an analysis was made on the phenomena of convergence and differentiation of the enrollment brochures and training programs of 39 pilot universities participating in the“Plan for Strengthening Basic Academic Disciplines”in 2022.The research revealed that government-established laws and policies provided a mandatory convergence effect;factors such as university ranking,competitive culture and the timing of entry into the“Plan for Strengthening Basic Academic Disciplines”pushed pilot universities to emulate high-level universities,leading to imitative convergence;the talent selection mechanism emphasized universities’pursuit of“legitimate”identities,and the“Plan for Strengthening Basic Academic Disciplines”selection and cultivation model became“shared idea”in society,promoting the normative convergence among universities.Despite differences in educational missions,goals and disciplinary strength,different types of universities developed their own selection criteria and training programs with distinct characteristics.However,practical challenges emerged,including weak suitability level of disciplines and talents,high homogeneity of examination standards,and lack of special talent selection channels for liberal arts majors.Therefore,it is recommended that in the process of deepening the selection and training of talents under the“Plan for Strengthening Basic Academic Disciplines”,the government should expand the autonomy of higher education institutions and strengthen their main responsibility in cultivating outstanding innovative talents;the evaluation criteria for selecting outstanding innovative talents should be changed,promoting the upgrading of the overall educational concept;universities should be encouraged to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of talent selection and build a talent development model with a distinctive“school-based”characteristic.
作者 黄露菡 HUANG Luhan(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,shanghai 200062,China)
出处 《重庆高教研究》 北大核心 2023年第5期13-24,共12页 Chongqing Higher Education Research
基金 国家社会科学基金重点项目“国家教育体系适应人口结构变化的战略管理研究”(20AGL030)。
关键词 强基计划 拔尖创新人才 教育强国 选拔标准 人才选择 人才培养 Plan for Strengthening Basic Academic Disciplines outstanding innovative talents a powerful nation of education selection criteria talents selection talents training
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