我国高等师范教育综合化发展的问题探析与改善路径

On Problems and Improvement Paths of Comprehensive Development of Higher Normal Education in China

封闭化与综合化之间的往复运动,构成了我国高等师范教育发展的独特景观——钟摆现象。从钟摆现象形成的过程来看,中国高等师范教育的主体历史脉络是从封闭化到综合化。对世界范围内师范教育综合化改革经验进行的反思发现,我国师范教育转型历程中主要存在理论与实践联系较弱而致师范性缺失、对国情认识不准导致生搬硬套他国做法、对专业价值认识不到位导致基本问题的争论和目标定位认知偏失影响教育质量提升等问题。高师院校可以从以下路径推动综合化发展,包括坚持立足国情、强化师范性与学术性藕合、推动教师队伍专业化和强化实践基地建设。

The reciprocating movement between closeness and comprehensiveness constitutes the unique view of the development of higher normal education in China pendulum phenomenon.From the whole process of the formation of pendulum phenomenon,the main historical context of China's higher normal education is from"closed"to'comprehensive".Compared with the experience of the comprehensive reform of normal education in the world,normal education in China faces some problems in the transformation process,such as the lack of teacher-training due to the weak connection between theory and practice,the inaccurate understanding of the national conditions leading to the students to apply the practices of other countries mechanically,the lack of understanding of professional value leading to the debate on basic issues and the cognitive bias of goal orientation affecting the improvement of educational quality.Normal universities can implement the following paths to promote comprehensive development,including adhering to the national conditions,strengthening the coupling of normal and academic,promoting the specialization of teachers and strengthening the construction of practice base.