典型喀斯特区域土壤重金属污染特征、风险与修复研究进展

Characteristics,Risks and Remediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils in Typical Karst Regions:A Review

地质高背景叠加有色金属开采导致我国西南喀斯特区域土壤重金属污染问题突出,成为影响喀斯特区域生态环境安全的重要因素。本文主要展示了我国西南喀斯特区域土壤重金属污染特征和人体健康风险的研究进展,以及国内外学者在重金属污染土壤安全利用等开展的研究工作。通过梳理文献发现,我国西南喀斯特区域土壤重金属污染已经导致人群存在一定的重金属暴露健康风险,实施农田安全利用是降低农作物可食用部分中重金属含量以及人群重金属暴露健康风险的重要举措。基于喀斯特地区特殊的地质背景,提出了未来研究需要进一步加强喀斯特区域土壤重金属形态转化过程与机理、人体重金属暴露健康风险评估和重金属污染农田安全利用措施等研究,为保障我国西南喀斯特区域生态环境安全提供科技支撑。

The high geological background combined with non-ferrous metal mining has led to severe heavy metal pollution in the soils of the karst region in southwest China,thus posing environmental and ecological risks to the region.This study mainly highlights the progress of research on the characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution and human health risks in the karst region in Southwest China,as well as summarizing the research work on the safe use of heavy metal contaminated soils carried out by Chinese and foreign scholars.Accordingly,soil heavy metal pollution in the karst region in Southwest China has raised considerable health risks of heavy metal exposure to the local residents.Implementing safe use of farmland is becoming an important measure to effectively reduce heavy metal contents in the edible part of crops,consequently minimizing human health risks caused by heavy metal exposure.Based on the unique geological background of the karst region,more future research is needed to strengthen(1)the understanding of the mechanism of heavy metal transformation in soils,(2)the health risk assessments of human heavy metal exposure and(3)the safe utilization measures of heavy metal contaminated farmlands in karst regions.The knowledge will support and ensure the ecological health of the karst regions in Southwest China.