沧州市疾控机构实验室能力建设现状分析与综合评价

Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of laboratory capacity construction of centres for disease control and prevention in Cangzhou City

目的 了解沧州市疾病预防控制(疾控)机构实验室能力建设现状,对各市区县疾控机构实验室能力进行综合评价,分析可能存在的问题,提出对策与建议,为新型冠状病毒感染后疫情时期疾控机构实验室建设提供参考依据。方法 在《中国疾病预防控制基本信息系统》中,采集截至2021年沧州市市县两级疾控机构有关统计数据,对照原卫生部相关标准,从实验室人员配备、实验室面积、仪器设备配置、检验项目开展情况4个方面进行比较分析。从中选取5项指标,采用加权秩和比综合评价法(weighted rank-sum ratio,WRSR)对16个市区县疾控机构实验室进行综合评价。结果 2021年沧州市市级和16个区县级疾控机构实验室面积占比分别为40.97%和36.79%;市级和区县级疾控机构实验室25~<35岁人员分别为18人(47.4%)和33人(30.8%),本科学历人员分别为23人(60.5%)和52人(48.6%),初级职称人员分别为17人(44.7%)和63人(58.9%);市级完成常规工作所需要仪器设备(A)、按照基本功能必须设备及基本仪器设备(B)、根据地域特点、工作需要应装备的基本仪器设备(C)3类仪器设备拥有率为97.39%、29.20%和46.77%,必须开展的工作项目(A)、根据地域特点和需求应开展的工作项目(B)开展率为95.58%和91.73%;16个区县级A、B、C类仪器设备平均拥有率为55.53%、20.85%和13.36%,A、B类项目平均开展率为88.67%和78.89%。16个市区县疾控机构实验室综合评级中高档3个(黄骅市、任丘市、孟村县)、中档11个(运河区、新华区、沧县、献县、泊头市、青县、南皮县、东光县、吴桥县、盐山县、河间市)、低档2个(海兴县、肃宁县)。结论 沧州市市级疾控机构实验室基础设施、实验室人员配置、检验检测能力等均能达到较好水平;但区县级疾控机构实验室建设发展失衡,区域差异较大,部分区县级人才队伍结构需要调整,基本设备缺乏,检验检测能力有待提升。

Objective To understand the current situation of laboratory capacity construction of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)in Cangzhou City,comprehensively evaluate the laboratory capacity of CDC in various counties,cities and districts,analyze possible problems,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions,so as to provide reference for the laboratory construction of CDC in the post-epidemic period of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods The relevant data of CDC at the city and county levels in Cangzhou City in 2021 were collected from the Basic Information System for Disease Prevention and Control of China.According to the relevant standards of the Ministry of Health,the laboratory personnel,laboratory area,instrument and equipment configuration,and the development of inspection items were compared and analyzed.Five indexes were selected,and the weighted rank-sum ratio method(WRSR)was used to comprehensively evaluate the laboratory of 16 CDCs at city,and district/county-level.Results In 2021,the proportion of laboratory area was 40.97%and 36.79%at municipal and district/county level CDCs.In laboratory of municipal and district/county level CDCs,there were 18(47.4%)and 33(30.8%)workers aged 25-<35 years old,23(60.5%)and 52(48.6%)workers with bachelor's degree,17(44.7%)and 63(58.9%)workers with junior professional title.In laboratory of municipal CDC,the ownership rate of instruments and equipment required to complete routine work(A),necessary equipment according to basic functions and basic instruments and equipment(B),basic instruments and equipment that should be equipped according to regional characteristics and work needs(C)was respectively 97.39%,29.20%and 46.77%,and the development rate of mandatory work projects(A)and work projects that should be carried out based on regional characteristics and needs(B)was 95.58%and 91.73%respectively.In laboratories of 16 district/county level CDCs,the average ownership rate of A,B and C equipment was respectively 55.53%,20.85%and 13.36%,and the average development rate of A and B projects was 88.67%and 78.89%respectively.Among laboratories of 16 district/county level CDCs,the comprehensive evaluation showed that there were three high-grade(Huanghua City,Renqiu City,Mengcun County),11 middle-grade counties(Yunhe District,Xinhua District,Cangxian County,Xian County,Botou City,QingCounty,Nanpi County,Dongguang County,Wuqiao County,Yanshan County,Hejian City)and two low-grade counties(Haixing County,Suning County).Conclusion The infrastructure construction,human resources allocation and comprehensive testing capacity in municipal CDC in Cangzhou City has reached to comparatively optimal level,but the development of laboratory construction in district/county level CDCs imbalanced,with significant regional differences,the structure of talent teams in some district/county level CDCs needs to be adjusted,basic equipment is insufficient,and inspection and testing capabilities need to be improved.