2007-2022年河南省焦作市新发职业病流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of the newly-diagnosed cases of occupational diseases in Jiaozuo city,Henan,2007-2022

目的 分析焦作市2007-2022年职业病发病特点和变化趋势,为职业病防治工作提供科学依据。方法 收集“职业病与健康危害因素监测信息系统”报告的2007-2022年焦作市新发职业病病例的信息,对职业病病种、人群分布、企业分布等特征进行描述性分析。结果 2007-2022年焦作市新发职业病病例409例,涉及6大类21种法定职业病。发病数居前3位的是职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病(84.60%)、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病(7.58%)和职业性化学中毒(5.62%),主要职业病病种是煤工尘肺(49.39%)、矽肺(32.03%)、职业性噪声聋(7.09%)。各年度均有报告,年均报告26例,2018年后呈波动下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=20.540,P<0.05)。病例中男性占93.64%;平均发病年龄(53.86±11.82)岁,接害工龄(22.93±8.71)年。病例分布于75家企业,每家病例数1~42例,其中1例的38家(50.67%);经济类型分布以国有经济(87.29%)为主,企业规模分布以大型企业(40.34%)和中型企业(37.65%)为主,行业分布以采矿业(55.01%)和制造业(38.39%)为主。结论 焦作市新发职业病主要是职业性尘肺病和职业性噪声聋,2018后呈波动下降趋势,主要发生在采矿业、制造业及大中型企业。应重点加强对大、中型企业和采矿业、制造业的职业病预防控制工作。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and change trend of occupational diseases from 2007 to 2022 in Jiaozuo City,and provide scientific evidence for occupational disease prevention.Methods The information of newly-diagnosed cases of occupational diseases in Jiaozuo city from 2007 to 2022 was collected from the Surveillance Information System of Occupational Diseases and Health Hazard Factors.The characteristics of occupational diseases,population distribution and enterprise distribution were analyzed descriptively.Results From 2007 to 2022,there were 409 newly-diagnosed cases of occupational diseases in Jiaozuo city,involving 21 kinds of statutory occupational diseases in 6 categories.The top three categories ranked with the incidences were occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases(84.60%),occupational ear,nose,throat and oral diseases(7.58%),and occupational chemical poisoning(5.62%).The main occupational diseases were coal pneumoconiosis(49.39%),silicosis(32.03%),and occupational noise deafness(7.09%).There were reports every year,with an annual average of 26 cases,showing a fluctuating downward trend after 2018('rend=20.540,P<0.05).Of the cases,93.64%were male.Mean age of onset was(53.86±11.82)years,and mean length of service with the exposure of risk factors was(22.93±8.71)years.The cases were distributed in 75 enterprises with numbers of cases ranging 1-42.There were 38 enterprises having 1 case reported,accounting for 50.67%of the total enterprises.The economic type distribution of the enterprises was mainly state-owned economy(87.29%);the scale distribution of the enterprises was mainly large enterprises(40.34%)and medium-sized enterprises(37.65%),and the industry distribution was mainly mining(55.01%)and manufacturing(38.39%).Conclusions The newly-diagnosed cases of occupational diseases in Jiaozuo city are mainly occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational noise deafness;after 2018,it showed a fluctuating downward trend,mainly in mining,manufacturing and large and medium-sized enterprises.It should be focused to strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases in large and medium-sized enterprises,and mining and manufacturing industries.