弹热制冷的研究进展

Recent Developments in Elastocaloric Cooling

弹热制冷是一种新型制冷技术,具有解决目前传统制冷剂制冷和蒸汽压缩制冷技术所存在的大部分问题的巨大应用潜力,被认为是最具发展前景的制冷技术之一。它具有环保、高效、节能的优点,在成本、制冷量和效率及可行性等方面具有可观的优势。但弹热器件在形变过程中占用空间大、材料使用寿命低,在实际应用中仍然需要不断改进,因此,实现更加高效环保的固态制冷技术依旧是一个巨大的挑战。本综述归纳整理了弹热材料的原理、种类和器件设计。首先介绍弹热效应的基本原理和表征方法;其次,归纳以镍钛基、铜基、铁基、铁磁体形状记忆合金以及弹性聚合物作为弹热材料实现固态制冷的研究进展和需要解决的问题;最后,对目前研制出的弹热制冷装置进行了归纳分析和讨论。

Elastocaloric cooling is a novel refrigeration technology that has remarkable potential in solving of the problems related to current refrigerants and vapor compression refrigeration.This technology has the advantages of environmentally friendly,high efficiency,and energy saving.In addition,elastocaloric cooling ensures optimal costs and better cooling capacity and feasibility.However,the materials used to realize elastocaloric cooling suffer from problems such as large space requirement and low cycle life.Hence,realizing highly efficient and environment-friendly solid-state refrigeration remains a substantial challenge.This study summarizes the principles,types,and device designs related to these cooling materials.First,the basic mechanism and the methods used for the characterization of the elastocaloric effect are introduced.Second,the research progress and problems related to the use of NiTi-based,Cu-based,and Fe-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys and elastic polymers to realize solid-state cooling are summarized.Finally,the elastocaloric refrigeration devices developed thus far are summarized and discussed herein.