财政项目制与高等教育新型举国体制的构建

Financial Project System and a New National System Construction of Higher Education

从国家治理全局来看,构建新型举国体制、充分发挥新型举国体制优势已溢出体育、科技等领域,成为高等教育建设、发展与治理的重要制度机制。在财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱的意义上,新型举国体制的构建及其运作有着强大的财政机制与财政逻辑。作为一项高等教育财政制度,项目制实践也蕴含着高等教育新型举国体制的形成基础:财政项目制通过一定的组织形式将国家高等教育战略落到实处;财政项目制的制度框架始终秉持“有为政府”的主导作用;财政项目制以多重资本的身份调动多方行动主体“集中力量办大事”。技术化的项目建设使财政项目制未能充分引导高校发展与国家战略需求相对接,财政项目制实践的制度异化使学术创新发展缺乏可持续性,财政项目制引导的协同效应不明显,有组织科研被悬置。因此,从完善财政项目制的角度构建高等教育新型举国体制,应改变技术化的项目建设行为,强化对满足国家战略需求的项目考核;突破传统的“唯项目”等制度模式,构建促进学术多元、可持续创新发展的制度机制;推进“揭榜挂帅”等制度实施,全方位集中、整合力量,发挥财政项目制的协同引导效应,促成有组织科研的发生。

From the overall perspective of national governance,the construction of a new national system and the full utilization of its advantages have overflowed the fields of sports,science and technology,and have also become an important institutional mechanism for the construction,development,and governance of higher education.In the sense that finance is the foundation and important pillar of national governance,the construction and operation of the new national system have strong financial mechanisms and logic.As a fi⁃nancial system for higher education,the practice of project-based system also contains the foundation for the formation of a new nation⁃al system for higher education:the financial project-based system implements the national higher education strategy through certain or⁃ganizational forms;The institutional framework of the fiscal project system always upholds the leading role of the“responsible govern⁃ment”;The fiscal project system mobilizes multiple actors to“concentrate their efforts on major tasks”in the form of multiple capital.However,the technological construction of projects has prevented the financial project system from fully guiding the development of uni⁃versities in line with national strategic needs.The institutional alienation of financial project system practice has led to a lack of sustain⁃ability in academic innovation and development.The synergistic effect of financial project system guidance is not obvious,and organized scientific research is suspended.Therefore,in order to construct a new national system for higher education from the perspective of im⁃proving the financial project system,we should change the behavior of technological project construction and strengthen the assessment of projects that meet the national strategic needs;Breaking through traditional institutional models such as“project only”and construc⁃ting institutional mechanisms to promote academic diversity and sustainable innovation development;Promote the implementation of sys⁃tems such as“unveiling and commanding”,comprehensively concentrate and integrate forces,leverage the collaborative guidance effect of the financial project system,and promote the occurrence of organized scientific research.