基于谱-效相关及网络药理学的西洋参不同部位增强免疫药效物质基础研究和作用靶点分析

Basic research on immune enhancing substances and target analysis of different parts of American ginseng based on spectrum-effect correlation and network pharmacology

目的:探究不同部位(主根、须根、茎、叶、花、芦头)西洋参皂苷类成分的差异及增强免疫作用,明确西洋参增强免疫的药效物质基础及作用靶点。方法:利用高效液相色谱技术检测西洋参不同部位的皂苷类成分;通过检测斑马鱼尾部中性粒细胞数目考察西洋参增强免疫作用;采用偏最小二乘相关回归分析法,确定药效物质;基于网络药理学,探究西洋参皂苷类成分增强免疫作用的核心靶点及作用通路。结果:西洋参不同部位人参皂苷含量差异大,总皂苷含量排序为:花>叶>主根>须根>芦头>茎;免疫增强实验显示,西洋参不同部位提取物均可增加中性粒细胞数目,其中除茎、芦头外均有显著免疫增强作用(P<0.01);偏最小二乘相关分析显示,西洋参中人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rb2相关性较强,VIP值大于1;网络药理学分析得出西洋参增强免疫作用核心靶点为VEGFA、JUN、FGF2等,共有靶点涉及对刺激的反应、生物调节、细胞过程的调控等生物过程,并通过PI3K-Akt、Rap1、MAPK等信号通路发挥作用。结论:西洋参具有增强免疫作用,并且不同部位皂苷类成分含量显著不同,其增强免疫作用与皂苷类成分含量呈正相关。同时该研究借助中药谱效学及网络药理学初步阐释了西洋参皂苷类成分增强免疫作用的药效物质基础和作用靶点。

OBJECTIVE To explore the differences in the saponin components of American ginseng(Panax quinquefolium)and enhance immunity in different parts(main root,whisker root,stem,leaf,flower,reed head),and clarify the pharmacodynamic substance basis and target of American ginseng to enhance immunity.METHODS High performance liquid chromatography was used to detect saponins in different parts of American ginseng.The number of neutrophils in the tail of zebrafish was detected to investigate the immune enhancement effect of American ginseng.Partial least squares correlation regression analysis was used to determine the pharmacodynamic substances.Based on network pharmacology,the core targets and pathways of American ginsenoside to enhance immune effects were explored.RESULTS The content of ginsenoside in different parts of American ginseng varied greatly,and the total saponin content was as follows:flowers>leaves>taproot>whiskered root>reed head>stem.Pharmacological experiments showed that extracts from different parts of American ginseng could increase the number of neutrophils,and all of them had significant immune enhancement(P<0.01).Partial least square correlation analysis showed that ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rc and ginsenoside Rb2 in American ginseng had strong correlation,and the VIP value was greater than 1.Network pharmacology analysis showed that the core targets of American ginseng to enhance immunity were VEGFA,JUN,FGF2,etc.,and the common targets involved biological processes such as response to stimuli,biological regulation,and regulation of cellular processes,and played a role through PI3K-Akt,Rap1,MAPK and other signaling pathways.CONCLUSION American ginseng has an immune-enhancing effect,and the content of saponins in different parts is significantly different,and its immune-enhancing effect is positively correlated with the content of saponins.At the same time,this study uses the spectrum-effect and network pharmacology of Chinese medicines to preliminarily elucidate the pharmacodynamic substance basis and action target of American ginsenoside to enhance immunity.