水体中不同粒径微塑料的危害及去除研究进展

Research Progress on Hazards and Removal of Microplastics with Different Particle Sizes in Water

微塑料由于其物理和化学性质,在水、土壤和大气等不同环境中经过长时间迁移和转化,在自然环境中的产生和积累造成进一步污染问题,日益引起人们关注。目前各个国家关于减少和控制微塑料产生的政策法案亟需完善。针对水体中不同粒径形态的微塑料对于动植物与人类所造成的危害与影响进行分析总结,得出结论:微米级塑料难以通过正常手段去除,会随着经过处理的污水进行迁移转化,其中0.01 mm粒径及以下的微米塑料及纳米塑料对于人类健康造成潜在威胁,建议健全微塑料动态监管模式降低其社会风险。

The generation and accumulation of microplastics in the natural environment have attracted increasing attention.Due to their physical and chemical properties,microplastics can migrate and transform in different environments such as water,soil and atmosphere for a long time,causing further pollution.At present,policies in various countries to reduce and control the production of microplastics need to be improved.This study analyzed and summarized the harm and influence of microplastics of different particle sizes and forms in water to animals,plants and humans,and concluded that:Micron plastics are difficult to be removed by normal means and will migrate and transform with treated sewage.Microplastics and nanoplastics with particle size of 0.01 mm or less pose potential threats to human health.Therefore,it is suggested to improve the dynamic supervision mode of microplastics to reduce their social risks.