论百年中国小说的郑和书写

The Literary Writings on Zheng He in the Recent One Hundred Years

中国小说的郑和书写,始自明朝万历年间,近百余年逐渐繁盛。百年郑和书写因现代意识融入而发展,神魔小说扩展生成了历史小说、科幻小说、探险小说等,海洋之旅贯穿焦虑情绪是其核心特征。郑和历史小说中,身份焦虑体现在人格焦虑、皇权焦虑、国家焦虑,历史书写展现中国人走向世界开启了非西方社会的早期全球化;郑和科幻小说中,影响焦虑体现在西方焦虑、未来焦虑、对话焦虑,科幻书写需以思想力引领科技力与想象力;郑和探险小说中,资源焦虑体现在风险焦虑、欲望焦虑、发展焦虑,探险书写要为海洋探险提供民族精神资源。新时代讲好丝路郑和故事,需以“和而不同”的文化定位回应海内外的误读,以“达观”的伦理定位表达自我与他者关系,以经典作品的故事定位考量文学创作。中国作家应发掘各国民众共同开拓丝绸之路的文化元素,立足历史文献记载,依托海上丝路沿线各国的郑和记忆,着眼建设开放共享的文明秩序,赋予郑和故事新的时代远景意义。

The literary writings on Zheng He started in the late Ming Dynasty and gradually flourished in the past century.As the modern consciousness grew,the writings gradually changed from the fiction of Gods and Spirits to the historical fiction,science fiction,adventure fiction,with the sea voyage anxiety writing as the core feature.In the historical fiction,the anxiety of identity is mainly represented as the anxieties of personal character,imperial power,and country,revealing how Chinese went globewide to start the early globalization of a non-Western society.In the science fiction,the power of thought leads the scientific and imaginative power,and the anxiety of influence finds its expression in the anxieties of the West,future,and crosscultural dialogue.In the adventure fiction,which provides resources of national spirit for maritime exploration,the resource anxiety is embedded in the anxieties of risk,desire,and development.To tell the stories of Zheng He in a new era,it is necessary to adhere to the cultural orientation of“harmony in diversity”to clarify the misreading of Zheng He at home and abroad and the ethic orientation of“resilience”to express the relationship between self and others.Meanwhile,the literary writings should be examined in light of the classic stories.Besides,Chinese writers should endow the writings on Zheng He a new meaning of times to build an open and shared civilization order by exploring the cultural elements of the Silk Road among people of different nations and using historical documentation and memories of Zheng He’s voyages in countries along the Maritime Silk Road.