黄河流域村庄空间格局及影响因素分析

The Village Spatial Pattern in the Yellow River Basin and Its Influencing Factors

利用ArcGIS、地理探测器等工具,探讨黄河流域村庄空间分布及其影响因素.研究表明:①黄河流域村庄分布密度为0.340个/km^(2),整体分布特征表现为“西部、北部少而散,东部、中部、南部多而密”,呈现出五大集聚区,以“400 mm等降水量线”为界线,东南部村庄数量高于西北部.②黄河流域村庄多分布在海拔0~100 m、阳坡且坡度在4°以下、年均温度6~12℃、降雨量400~600 mm、暖温带南部落叶栎林亚地带和初育土、受微度和轻度侵蚀地区.③在省级和县级尺度上对村庄密度值进行空间自相关分析,呈现出空间集聚特征,空间分布呈现“两热三冷”格局;地理探测结果发现,自然因素是影响黄河流域村庄分布的基础性因素,社会因素是影响黄河流域村庄分布的主导性因素,经济因素是影响村庄分布的关键因素.

In this paper we used ArcGIS,geographic detector and other tools to explore the spatial distribution of villages in the Yellow River Basin and its influencing factors.The results show that:①The distribution density of villages in the Yellow River Basin is 0.340 village/km^(2),and the overall distribution characteristics are“few and scattered in the west and north,while many and dense in the eastern,central and southern regions”,forming five major agglomeration areas.Bounded by the“400 mm precipitation line”,the number of villages in the southeast is higher than in the northwest.②Villages in the Yellow River Basin are mostly distributed in the southern deciduous oak forest sub-zone and primary breeding soil,micro and light erosion areas wity altitude 0-100 m,slope below 4°,sunny slope,annual average temperature of 6-12℃,rainfall of 400-600 mm.③Spatial autocorrelation analysis of village density values at the provincial and county scales showed the characteristics of spatial agglomeration,and the spatial distribution showed a pattern of“two hot and three cold”.The results of geographical detector show that natural factors are the basic factors affecting the distribution of villages in the Yellow River Basin,social factors are the dominant factors affecting the distribution of villages in the Yellow River Basin,and economic factors are the key factors affecting the distribution of villages.