世界主要发达国家农业发展模式及其对中国的启示研究

Study on the Agricultural Development Model of the Main Developed Countriesin the World and its Enlightenment to China

资源禀赋和发展基础制约着不同国家的农业发展模式。在美国等自然资源丰富国家,凭着广阔的土地面积、商业化的农业运作和不断创新的农业科技,推行规模化生产模式;在日本等自然资源贫乏国家,通过政府强有力引导支持、土地集约化的农业技术、促进小农户组织化、加强农民教育培训等,推行精耕细作模式;在英国等资源中间型国家,则通过促进农业与二、三产业综合发展,保护农村农业发展的优先性,开发利用农业在食品安全保障、自然景观保护、生物能源供给、生态环境保护等方面作用,推行农业多功能模式。发达国家农业发展经验对我国有以下启示:应因地制宜,探索适合我国实际的发展模式;注重农业的多种功能开发;加强政府对农业的引导支持,并注重政策实效;组建和发展农民合作组织;注重农业科技推广和农民教育培训。

The resource endowment and development foundation restrict the agricultural development model of different countries.In countries that are rich in natural resources,like the United States,large-scale production mode is promoted by virtue of vast land area,commercial agricultural operation and constantly innovative agricultural science and technology;In countries with poor natural resourc‐es,such as Japan,the intensive farming model is implemented through strong government guidance and support,land intensive agri‐cultural technology,promotion of the organization of small farmers,and adequate job-related farmers'education and training;In re‐source intermediate countries such as the United Kingdom,the agricultural multi-function model is developed by promoting the com‐prehensive development of agriculture and the secondary and tertiary industries,by protecting the priority of rural agricultural devel‐opment,and by utilizing the role of agriculture in food security,natural landscape protection,bioenergy supply,ecological environ‐ment protection,etc.The experience of agricultural development in developed countries has the following implications for China:we should adjust measures to local conditions and explore a development model suitable for China's actual situation;Paying attention to the development of multiple functions of agriculture;Providing the government's guidance and support for agriculture,and paying attention to the effectiveness of policies;Establishing and developing farmer cooperative organizations;Paying attention to agricultural science and technology promotion and farmers'education and training.