秦都平阳地区春秋早期秦墓相关问题研究

On the early Spring and Autumn period Qin tombs in the Pingyang region of the Qin capital and related issues

20世纪70年代,陕西宝鸡陈仓区西高泉墓地曾发掘了70多座秦墓,年代约从春秋早期延续至战国中期。其中18座春秋早期墓的面貌特征表明,其文化来源主要应为甘肃礼县地区的两周之际秦墓。结合这批墓葬与同属平阳地区的南阳墓地、太公庙墓地,可厘清春秋早期秦国平民、一般贵族和秦公级大墓分区埋葬的特点和等级规制。与平阳地区墓葬相比,平阳附近的贾家崖、边家庄等同时期墓葬具有更多周余民的文化特征,反映出这一时期同处秦国的秦、周(广义)两族葬俗互相之间并无深入的相互影响和渗透,秦早期政权对其治下的他族之民施以较宽松的统治方略。

In the 1970s,more than 70 Qin tombs were excavated at the Xigaoquan Cemetery,Chencang District,Baoji City,Shaanxi.The dates of these tombs ranged from the early Spring and Autumn period to the middle of the Warring States period.Among them,18 tombs from the early Spring and Autumn period showed cultural characteristics mainly from the Li County area in Gansu during the transitional period between the Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou dynasties.By comparing these tombs with other contemporary burial sites in Pingyang,such as the Nanyang Cemetery and Taigongmiao Cemetery,one can discern the burial practices and hierarchical regulations for commoners,general nobles,and high-ranking officials of the Qin state during the early Spring and Autumn period.In contrast to contemporary tombs like those from the Jiajiaya and Bianjiazhuang cemeteries,the Xigaoquan Cemetery exhibited more cultural features of the socalled Zhou remnant groups,indicating that during this period,the Qin and Zhou(in a broader sense)ethnic groups coexisted with little influence or change between their burial customs.The early Qin government implemented relatively lenient governance strategies towards other ethnic groups under its rule.