我国水产业高质量发展战略研究

High-Quality Development Strategy of Fisheries in China

我国是世界第一大水产养殖国,水产业在提供优质和健康食物来源方面发挥了重要作用;在保障国家食物安全的新形势下,践行大食物观、建立食物多元化供给体系对水产业高质量发展提出了重大需求。本文以渔业资源与捕捞、水产养殖与海洋牧场、水产品加工与流通等水产业三大方向为研究划分,通过深入的行业调研、广泛的交流研讨,把握了水产业的发展现状及趋势、存在的主要问题,进而提出了行业发展目标与重点举措。调研发现,近海渔业捕捞压力过大,对远洋与极地资源认知不强、技术与装备能力薄弱,养殖机械化、自动化、智能化水平低,优质饲料原料依赖进口,智慧渔业的基础软硬件能力存在短板,水产品加工能力滞后;建议实施近海渔业资源养护和修复、远洋渔业资源开发与科学利用、水产健康养殖新技术体系构建与应用、深远海养殖平台技术研发与应用、水产养殖新模式构建与推广、水产品绿色加工与高值利用等重点举措。通过水产业高质量发展,力争2035年迈入水产科技强国行列并生产水产品8.1×107 t,2050年全面实现智慧渔业并生产水产品1×108 t。

China has the world’s largest fisheries industry that has provided a healthy and high-quality food source.Currently,guaranteeing national food security,implementing an all-encompassing approach to food,and establishing a diversified food supply system all pose a great demand for the high-quality development of China’s fisheries industry.This study explores the development status and trend of fisheries in China from the aspects of fishery resources and capture,aquaculture and marine ranching,and aquatic product processing and circulation,and examines major problems through industry research and extensive discussion.Industry development goals and key measures are further proposed.Results found that the pressure on offshore capture is too high,understanding of deep-sea and polar resources is insufficient,the independent capability of technologies and equipment is inadequate,the mechanized,automatic,and intelligent levels of aquaculture are low,high-quality feed and raw materials rely heavily on imports,the basic software and hardware capabilities of the intelligent fisheries are deficient,and the aquatic product processing capacity is lagging behind.Therefore,the following key measures are proposed:conservation and restoration of offshore fishery resources,development and scientific utilization of deep-sea fishery resources,construction and application of a new technology system for green and healthy aquaculture,research and application of deep-sea aquaculture platform technologies,construction and promotion of new aquaculture models,and green processing and high-value utilization of aquatic products.Through the high-quality development of fisheries,China is expected to become advantageous in fisheries science and technology by 2035,with a total output of 8.1×107 t of aquatic products.By 2050,intelligent fisheries is expected to be realized in China,outputting 1×108 t of aquatic products.