急性心肌梗死患者的院内早期心脏康复新进展

New progress of early hospitalization cardiac rehabilitation for patients with acute myocardial infarction

心脏康复(CR)是在生物-心理-社会医学模式指导下的一种新型综合性管理方法,是针对患者的一系列协调且多方面的干预措施,旨在全面优化心血管疾病患者的身体、心理和社会功能,减轻疾病的不利影响。完整的CR从急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的住院早期开始,贯穿住院治疗及后续门诊治疗,最长可持续终身。《中国心脏康复与二级预防指南》指出,条件允许的情况下,AMI患者应当尽快开始CR。本文结合相关文献,旨在从运动训练、心理干预、药物治疗、营养膳食及戒烟干预等5个方面对AMI患者的住院早期CR方案做一综述。

Cardiac rehabilitation(CR)is a new integrated management method under the guidance of the bio-psycho-social medical model.It is a series of coordinated and multi-faceted interventions aimed at comprehensively optimizing the physical,psychological and social functions of patients with cardiovascular disease and reducing the adverse effects of the disease.Complete CR begins early in the hospitalization of patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI),continues through hospitalization and subsequent outpatient treatment,and can last for a lifetime.Guidelines for cardiovascular rehabilitation and secondary prevention in China point out that patients with AMI should start CR as soon as possible if conditions permit.Based on the relevant literature,this paper aims to review the early hospitalization CR program of AMI patients from five aspects:exercise training,psychological intervention,drug therapy,nutritional diet and smoking cessation intervention.