我国夏季型恙虫病流行病学研究进展

Research progress on the epidemiology of tsutsugamushi disease of summer type in China

恙虫病又称丛林斑疹伤寒,是一种由恙虫病东方体引起的自然疫源性疾病,以鼠类为主要传染源,恙螨为唯一传播媒介,目前尚无有效疫苗。我国恙虫病根据流行季节可分为夏季型、秋季型和冬季型;其中夏季型恙虫病的病原体毒力强,临床表现典型,症状较重,误诊率和死亡率较高。我国夏季型恙虫病主要分布在北纬31°以南地区,流行时间集中于6—8月,女性、40岁以上和农民为主要发病人群。在自然环境和社会经济因素的影响下,夏季型恙虫病流行区域不断扩大,发病人数持续增加。本文通过收集1960—2023年我国夏季型恙虫病的流行病学研究文献,从传播机制、流行特征、影响因素等方面进行综述,为我国夏季型恙虫病的预防和控制提供依据。

Tsutsugamushi disease,also known as scrub typhus,is a zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi,with rats as the main sources of infection and chigger mites as the only medium of transmission,and has no effective vaccines.Tsutsugamushi disease can be divided into summer,autumn and winter types according to seasons in China,while the summer type is characterized by strong virulence,typical and severe symptoms,high rates of misdiagnosis and mortality.The summer type of tsutsugamushi disease is distributed in the south of 31°N in China,with the epidemic time from June to August,and the cases are predominantly females,farmers and people at ages of over 40 years.Affected by nat⁃ural environment,social and economic factors,the epidemic areas and the number of cases of summer type of tsutsuga⁃mushi disease are increasing continuously.Based on publications pertaining to the epidemiology of summer type of tsu⁃tsugamushi disease in China from 1960 to 2023,this review summarizes the mechanism of transmission,epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors,so as to provide the basis for prevention and control of summer type of tsutsuga⁃mushi disease in China.