广州市21种市售蔬菜新烟碱类杀虫剂膳食风险评估

Dietary risk assessment of neonicotinoid pesticide in 21 kinds of market-sold vegetables in Guangzhou City

目的评估广州市市售蔬菜新烟碱类杀虫剂膳食风险,为保障居民食品安全提供依据。方法于2022年6—9月,在广州市超市和农贸市场采集21种45份蔬菜样品,采用液相色谱-质谱联用法检测10种新烟碱类杀虫剂含量;通过广州市居民食物消费与营养素摄入状况资料获取居民蔬菜消费量,计算新烟碱类杀虫剂日暴露量和非致癌风险商值,评估膳食风险。结果45份蔬菜样品中27份检出新烟碱类杀虫剂,检出率为60.00%。10种新烟碱类杀虫剂检出6种,分别为噻虫胺、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、呋虫胺和烯啶虫胺。其中噻虫胺、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉检出率较高且个别样品超标,检出率分别为26.67%、11.11%和6.67%,超标率分别为4.44%、2.22%和2.22%。新烟碱类杀虫剂暴露量IMIRPF为3053.00 ng/g,吡虫啉在块根块茎类蔬菜中的含量和IMIRPF最高。吡虫啉、啶虫脒、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺的人群日暴露量分别为34.58、3.85、1.20、6.87、7.19和0.86 ng/(kg·d);非致癌风险商值均<1,分别为5.76×10^(-4)、0.55×10^(-4)、0.06×10^(-4)、0.69×10^(-4)、0.90×10^(-4)和0.02×10^(-4);非致癌风险商值总和<1,为7.98×10^(-4)。结论本次调查广州市市售21种蔬菜新烟碱类杀虫剂膳食风险较低,但有个别蔬菜样品存在新烟碱类杀虫剂含量超标,应加强蔬菜市场监管。

Objective To evaluate the dietary risk of neonicotinoid insecticides in market-sold vegetables in Guangzhou City,so as to provide insights into ensuring food safety for residents.Methods Forty-five samples of 21 kinds of vege⁃tables were collected from supermarkets and farmer's markets in Guangzhou City from June to September in 2022,and 10 kinds of neonicotinoid insecticides were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).The vegetable consumption was obtained through the survey of food consumption and nutrients intake of residents in Guang⁃zhou City.The dietary risk was evaluated by calculating daily exposure and non-carcinogenic risk quotients of neonicoti⁃noid insecticides.Results A total of 27 samples of vegetables were detected with neonicotinoid insecticides,and the de⁃tection rate was 60.00%.Among 10 kinds of neonicotinoid insecticides,6 kinds were identified,including clothianidin,thiamethoxam,imidacloprid,acetamiprid,dinotefuranand and nitenpyram.The detection rates of clothianidin,thiamethox⁃am and imidacloprid were relatively high(26.67%,11.11%and 6.67%),and some samples exceeded the standard,with the rate of 4.44%,2.22%and 2.22%,respectively.The total exposure of neonicotinoid pesticides(IMIRPF)was 3053.00 ng/g,and the contents and IMIRPF of imidacloprid were the highest in roots and tubers.The daily exposure of imidacloprid,acetamiprid,dinotefuran,clothianidin,thiamethoxam and nitenpyram was 34.58,3.85,1.20,6.87,7.19 and 0.86 ng/(kg·d).Non-carcinogenic risk quotients of imidacloprid,acetamiprid,dinotefuran,clothianidin,thiamethoxam and nitenpyram was 5.76×10^(-4),0.55×10^(-4),0.06×10^(-4),0.69×10^(-4),0.90×10^(-4) and 0.02×10^(-4),respectively,which was lower than 1;and the sum of non-carcinogenic risk quotients was 7.98×10^(-4),which was lower than 1.Conclusions The di⁃etary risk of neonicotinoid pesticides is low in 21 kinds of market-sold vegetables in Guangzhou City;however,the con⁃tents of neonicotinoid insecticides in some vegetable samples exceed the standard.The supervision of vegetable markets should be strengthened.