产妇母婴健康素养调查

Investigation on maternal and infant health literacy among lying-in women

目的了解产妇母婴健康素养水平及其影响因素,为制定母婴健康教育与促进策略提供依据。方法于2022年3—9月整群抽取山西省儿童医院住院分娩的产妇为调查对象,通过问卷调查收集人口学信息、母婴健康素养情况和产妇健康教育活动需求。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析产妇母婴健康素养的影响因素。结果发放问卷1099份,回收有效问卷1059份,问卷有效率为96.36%。调查对象年龄为(30.93±4.01)岁;城镇居民930人,占87.82%;经产妇706人,占66.67%。母婴健康素养具备率为35.51%,其中基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为和基本技能三个方面的具备率分别为47.69%、83.10%和38.81%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,学历(大专或本科,OR=3.916,95%CI:1.250~9.031;硕士及以上,OR=4.557,95%CI:1.498~11.460)、职业(公司职员,OR=2.701,95%CI:1.385~5.268;医务人员,OR=2.981,95%CI:1.289~6.893)、经产妇(OR=5.649,95%CI:3.919~8.142)、参加健康教育活动(OR=2.332,95%CI:1.524~3.570)和参加孕妇学校(OR=2.252,95%CI:1.541~3.291)是产妇具备母婴健康素养的促进因素;妊娠高血压(OR=0.255,95%CI:0.133~0.488)和妊娠糖尿病(OR=0.318,95%CI:0.211~0.478)是产妇具备母婴健康素养的阻碍因素。产妇通过网络媒体了解健康知识占62.42%;希望通过网络媒体宣传方式参加健康教育活动占68.18%。结论本次调查的产妇母婴健康素养水平与学历、职业、分娩次数、是否参加过健康教育活动和孕妇学校、是否患有妊娠高血压和妊娠糖尿病有关。

Objective To investigate the level of maternal and infant health literacy and its influencing factors among ly⁃ing-in women,so as to provide insights into formulating maternal and infant health education and promotion strategies.Methods Lying-in women were sampled from Children's Hospital of Shanxi using a cluster sampling method from March to September 2022.Demographic characteristics,maternal and infant health literacy,and health education de⁃mands were collected through a questionnaire survey.Factors affecting maternal and infant health literacy among lying in women were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 1099 questionnaires were allocated,and 1059 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective rate of 96.36%.Participants had a mean age of(30.93±4.01)years,930 urban residents(87.82%),and 706 pluripara(66.67%).The overall prevalence of maternal and infant health literacy was 35.51%among lying-in women,and the prevalence rates of basic knowledge and con⁃cept,healthy lifestyles and behaviors and basic skills were 47.69%,83.10%and 38.81%,respectively.Multivariable lo⁃gistic regression analysis showed that educational level(diploma or undergraduate degree,OR=3.916,95%CI:1.250-9.031;master degree and above,OR=4.557,95%CI:1.498-11.460),occupation(company employees,OR=2.701,95%CI:1.385-5.268;medical staff,OR=2.981,95%CI:1.289-6.893),pluripara(OR=5.649,95%CI:3.919-8.142),participating in health education activities(OR=2.332,95%CI:1.524-3.570),and participating in schools for pregnant women(OR=2.252,95%CI:1.541-3.291)were promoting factors for maternal and infant health literacy;while gestational hyperten⁃sion(OR=0.255,95%CI:0.133-0.488)and gestational diabetes(OR=0.318,95%CI:0.211-0.478)were inhibiting factors for maternal and infant health literacy.Most participants acquired health knowledge through online media(62.42%),and hoped to participate in health education activities through online media publicity(68.18%).Conclusions The maternal and infant health literacy level of lying-in women in this survey is associated with education,occupation,parturition fre⁃quency,participation in health education activities,participation in schools for pregnant women,gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes.