基于SimaPro软件的煤制甲醇生命周期法环境影响评价

Life cycle environmental impact assessment of coal-to-methanol based on SimaPro software

煤制甲醇是清洁生产审核的重点行业之一。运用SimaPro软件,对陕西某企业煤制甲醇项目(水煤浆法)中,气化、甲醇、锅炉和空分等主要单元进行了生命周期评价。选取11个环境影响评价指标,进行了特征化、损害评估、标准化、加权以及过程贡献的计算。从资源能源使用、污染物排放特征入手,分析了环境影响与工艺过程之间的关系。结果表明,在煤制甲醇的整个生命周期内,气化单元对环境的综合影响占74.7%,甲醇单元占24.7%,其次为空分、锅炉单元。就单一指标,气化单元对致癌物、呼吸道有机物、呼吸道无机物、辐射、臭氧层、生态毒性、酸化/富营养化、土地利用、矿物和化石燃料的影响均为最大;甲醇单元对气候变化的影响最大。

Coal-to-methanol is one of the key industries of cleaner production audit.Using SimaPro software,the life cycle assessment of main units such as gasification,methanol,boiler and air separation in the coal-to-methanol project(coal-water slurry process) of an enterprise in Shaanxi was carried out.Eleven indicators were selected for environmental impact assessment,and the calculation of characterization,damage assessment,standardization,weighting and process contribution was carried out.The correlation between environmental impact and unit process was analyzed from the characteristics of resource and energy use and pollutant emission.The results show that in the whole life cycle of coal-to-methanol,the comprehensive impact of gasification unit on the environment accounts for 74.7%,methanol unit accounts for 24.7%,followed by air separation unit and boiler unit.For a single indicator,the gasification unit has the largest impact on carcinogens,respiratory organic matter,respiratory inorganic matter,radiation,ozone layer,ecotoxicity,acidification/eutrophication,land use,minerals and fossil fuels,and the methanol unit has the largest impact on climate change.