小清河入海口河段水质评价及主要污染物分析

Pollutants in the Estuary of Xiaoqing River:Analysis and Water Quality Assessment

【目的】查明小清河入海口河段水质监测断面的水质特征,为入海口河段水环境治理提供科学依据。【方法】选择小清河东营石村站至寿光羊角沟站的入海口河段作为研究河段,基于4处水质监测断面2019—2021年的水质监测数据,结合3种不同的赋权法对传统综合水质标识指数法的权重进行改进,对小清河入海口河段水质进行评价;采用主成分分析法对各断面的主要污染物进行分析,结合研究区工、农业布局探讨主要污染物来源。【结果】2019—2021年,小清河入海口河段各断面水质逐年改善,2021年各断面水质等级均降为Ⅳ类;各断面普遍存在的超标污染物为总氮(TN),其中硝酸盐(NO_(3)^(-))为主要的污染物存在形态,石村站NO_(3)^(-)主要来源于农业面源污染和生活污水排放,侯辛庄站NO_(3)^(-)主要来源于生活污水排放和粪肥污染;气温、日照时间等气象要素会间接影响小清河入海口河段水质。【结论】基于组合集成赋权法改进的综合水质标识指数法适用于小清河入海口河段的水质评价;入海口感潮河段的主要污染物为TN,应重点关注。

【Objective】The Xiaoqing River is located in Shandong province.In this paper,we analyze the contaminants in its estuary and assess its water quality.【Method】We selected the section from Shicun to Yangjiaogou for analysis.Water quality was evaluated based on data measured from 2019 to 2021 from four water sampling locations in the section.The main pollutants in the locations were analyzed using the principal component analysis method;we also analyzed the origin of these pollutants.【Result】Water quality in sampling locations in the section had improved from 2019 to 2021,with the water quality level changing to Class IV in 2021.The pollutants that exceeded the standard at these locations are total nitrogen(TN),of which nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))is the main pollutant.NO_(3)^(-)at Shicun was affected by both non-point pollution and domestic sewage,while the origin of NO_(3)^(-)at Houxinzhuang was sewage and manure.Meteorological factors such as temperature and rainfall had indirect affect in water quality in the estuary.【Conclusion】The comprehensive water quality identification index combined with the combinatorial integration method is accurate for assessing water quality.The main pollutants in the estuary of Xiaoqing River are total nitrogen,especially nitrate.