父母教育期望对高中生学业焦虑和学业成绩的纵向影响

Longitudinal impact of parental educational expectations on academic anxiety and academic performance of high school students

目的探讨父母教育期望对高中生学业成绩的影响以及学业焦虑的中介作用。方法以沈阳市2所公立高中500名高一年级学生为研究对象。采用感知父母期望量表中的学业成就维度测量高中生感知到的父母教育期望;采用青少年学业情绪问卷中的焦虑维度测量高中生的学业焦虑;以高一年级末(T1时间点)和高二年级初(T2时间点)两次市级统考语文、数学、英语成绩的平均分作为学业成绩指标。建立纵向中介模型,分析父母教育期望对学习成绩的预测作用以及学业焦虑的中介作用。结果父母教育期望和学业焦虑在不同性别及不同家庭经济状况学生中的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示:T1时间点的父母教育期望与T2时间点的学业成绩呈显著负相关(r=-0.14,P<0.01),T1时间点的学业成绩与T2时间点的父母教育期望无显著相关性(r=-0.09,P>0.05)。学业焦虑在父母教育期望与学业成绩的关系中起完全中介作用。结论高中生父母对其子女的教育期望偏高,过高的教育期望会增加学生的学业焦虑,进而造成学业成绩下降。

Objective To explore the influence of parental educational expectation on academic performance and the mediating role of academic anxiety.Methods A total of 500 high school students from two public high schools in Shenyang were enrolled.The academic achievement dimension of perceived parental expectations scale was used to measure the perceived parental educational expectations of high school students.The anxiety dimension of adolescent academic emotion questionnaire was used to measure students’academic anxiety.The average scores of Chinese,mathematics,and English in two municipal unified examinations at the end of grade one(T1 time point)and the beginning of grade two(T 2 time point)were used as the academic achievement indexes.A semi-longitudinal mediating model was established to analyze the predictive effect of parental educational expectation on academic performance and the mediating effect of academic anxiety.Results There were significant differences in parental educational expectations and academic anxiety among students of different genders and family economic conditions(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that T 1 parental educational expectation was negatively correlated with T 2 academic achievement(r=-0.14,P<0.01),but there was no significant correlation between T 1 academic achievement and T 2 parental educational expectation(r=-0.09,P>0.05).Academic anxiety played a complete mediating role in the relationship between parental educational expectations and academic performance.Conclusion The parents of high school students have high expectations for their children’s education,which can increase students’academic anxiety and lead to a decrease in academic performance.