上海市浦东新区某儿童早期发展基地养育现状及需求调查

Investigation into current status and requirement of nurturing care in an early childhood development base in Shanghai Pudong New Area

目的调查上海市浦东新区某儿童早期发展基地儿童养育者的养育现状及需求,为推进区域儿童早期发展工作提供依据。方法采用方便抽样,于2021年7月—12月对到访过4家社区卫生服务中心的儿童养育者进行问卷调查,了解养育者育儿技能及儿童早期发展认知掌握情况、儿童早期发展服务现况及需求,筛查养育者因养育产生的焦虑症状。结果大部分养育者具有较好的育儿知识技能;27.5%养育者接受过儿童早期发展服务,54.7%养育者认为目前掌握的育儿技能充足;母亲文化程度为本科及以上、独生子女家庭、同意部分育儿知识的家庭对儿童早期发展内容认同比例较高。34.4%养育者存在不同程度养育相关焦虑症状,且与育儿技能自评等级成反比。结论当前儿童早期发展工作尚存在不足,儿童早期发展服务覆盖率较低。提示应当根据养育技能薄弱点,向家庭提供养育照护指导,提高养育者育儿技能,促进儿童早期发展。

Objective To investigate the current status and requirement of nurturing care in an early childhood development base in Shanghai Pudong New Area,and provide evidence for promoting the early development of children.Methods A convenience sampling method was used.Caregivers from 4 community health centers in an early childhood development base were surveyed with questionnaires between July and December 2021.The questionnaires were used to collect the following information:the parenting skills,the cognition of early childhood development,the current status of nurturing care,and the requirement of early childhood development service.The anxiety symptoms of the caregivers were also screened.Results Most of the caregivers had good parenting knowledge and skills;27.5%of the caregivers had received some service of early childhood development,and 54.7%of the caregivers considered that they had adequate parenting skills.The families with mother having a bachelor degree or above,single-child family,and the families with agreement to some parenting knowledge were more likely to accept early childhood development knowledge.But 34.4%of the caregivers were found to have different degrees of anxiety symptoms related to nurturing care,and self-assessment of the parenting skills was negatively correlated with the anxiety symptom degree.Conclusion The early childhood development program has its drawback,and the coverage rate of the early childhood development service is relatively low.The guidance of nurturing care aimed at the weakness of current parenting skills should be provided to the families and caregivers,thus to enhance the parenting skills,and to promote the early development of children ultimately.