时间银行的可持续发展:共享意涵、交易费用与运作框架

Sustainable Development of Time Bank:Shared Implications,Transaction Costs and Operational Framework

时间银行是基于可交换积分、时间币等载体,将特定群体之间的互助行为货币化,从而激励群体内部产生互助行为和志愿服务的平台系统,具有社会公益事业属性及养老服务和社会治理功能。基于共享经济理论和交易费用理论视角,首先阐释了时间银行系统中的共享意涵与事前、事中、事后三个阶段的交易费用问题,并在此基础上分析了现阶段我国时间银行可持续发展所面临的障碍;其次对我国部分地区时间银行可持续发展的有益探索进行了介绍;最后围绕所设计的时间银行运作框架,从协同共享、精准共享、公平共享、规范共享四个维度提出了建立可持续时间银行系统、实现其良好自我运转的对策建议。

Time bank is a platform system that monetizes mutual aid behavior between specific groups based on exchangeable points,time currency and other carriers,so as to encourage mutual aid and voluntary service within the group,with the attribute of social public welfare and the function of pension service and social governance.From the perspective of sharing economy theory and transaction cost theory,this paper first explains the sharing implication in the time bank system and the problems of transaction costs in three stages:before,during and after the event,and then analyzes the difficulties faced by the sustainable development of time banks in China at the present stage;and introduces the practical attempts of sustainable development of time banks in some areas of China.Finally,based on the designed operational framework of time bank,the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to establish a sustainable time banking system and realize its good self-operation from the four dimensions of collaborative sharing,precise sharing,fair sharing and standardized sharing.