《太平惠民和剂局方》治疗脾胃病的用药组方规律

Medication and prescription rules for treating spleen and stomach diseases in Prescriptions of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary

目的挖掘《太平惠民和剂局方》治疗脾胃病的相关方剂,探索其用药组方规律。方法筛选《太平惠民和剂局方》治疗脾胃病的方剂,利用WPS Excel 2019录入方剂、规范药物名称并建立数据集,借助Python 3.6.8编程语言和Gephi 0.9.2可视化软件,进行中药频次统计、功效归类、性味归经、关联规则、聚类分析、因子分析和复杂网络分析。结果经筛选后共纳入方剂239首,剂型以丸剂和散剂为主,共涉及200味中药,频数≥12的中药共40味,出现频次最高的药物是干姜。药性方面以温性药为主,辛味药最多,归脾经和胃经的药物最多,药物类别以补虚药为主。关联规则分析得到二阶关联规则26条,排名第一的药物组合是人参→茯苓,三阶关联规则16条,排名第一的药物组合是茯苓+白术→人参。聚类分析将频数排名前30的中药分为6个药物组合,聚类的中药功效以温中、行气、燥湿为主。因子分析提取得到13个公共因子,贡献率最高的公共因子是人参、茯苓、白术。复杂网络分析得到21味中药的核心处方,加权度较高的药物为干姜、人参、甘草、陈皮。结论《太平惠民和剂局方》治疗脾胃病以温热药为主,用药规律可以概括为三个方面:(1)多用温补之法以温中散寒,(2)运用芳香行气之法以悦脾开胃,(3)注重调畅气血以安和五脏。

Objective To explore the prescriptions related to the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases in Prescriptions of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary(Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang,《太平惠民和剂局方》,TPHMHJJF),and investigate the medication and prescription rules.Methods The prescriptions of TPHMHJJF for treating spleen and stomach diseases were screened,and the data set was established by entering the prescriptions and standardized drug names using WPS Excel 2019.Herb frequency statistics,efficacy categorization,property,flavor,meridian tropism,association rules,cluster analysis,factor analysis,and complex network analysis were performed using Python 3.6.8 programming language and Gephi 0.9.2 visualization software.Results A total of 239 prescriptions were included after the screening,and the dosage forms were mainly pills and powders.The study involved 200 herbal medicines,among which 40 herbs had a frequency of≥12.The herb with the highest frequency was Ganjiang(Zingiber Rhizoma).The herb properties were mainly warm in nature,with the most pungent herbs.Most herbs were attributed to the spleen and stomach meridians,and tonifying medicine were the main species.The association rule analysis identified 26 second-order association rules and 16 third-order association rules,with"Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)→Fuling(Poria)"as the leading rule in the former and"Fuling(Poria)+Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome)→Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)"as the leading rule in the latter.Also,cluster analysis divided the top 30 herbs into six herb combinations that can warm the middle,move Qi,and dry dampness effectively.Factor analysis extracted 13 common factors,with Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),and Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome)as the highest contributing factors.Lastly,complex network analysis yielded the core prescription of 14 herbs,with Ganjiang(Zingiber Rhizoma),Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome),and Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)among the herbs with a higher weighting degree.Conclusion TPHMHJJF is mainly based on the use of warming herbs to treat spleen and stomach diseases,and its medication rule can be summarized into three aspects:(i)primarily using warming and tonifying to warm the middle and dissipate cold,(ii)using the method of moving Qi with aromatic nature to delight the spleen and appetize the stomach,and(iii)emphasizing the regulation of Qi and blood to calm the five zang-organs.