儿童运动发育和体质健康潜能开发路径探索研究

Exploration and Research on the Path of the Potential Development of Children's Motor Development and Physical Health

目的:进一步挖掘儿童运动发育、体质健康的整体发展规律和相关性,提出儿童健康整体性发展的策略,探寻儿童健康发展的理想潜能空间。方法:整理和分析近10年来(2014—2023年)的相关文献资料,进行多位行业内专家的访谈并进行问卷调查。结果:(1)运动发育方面,关于其定义和评价指标等暂未统一,有79.9%的研究集中在医药卫生领域,主要集中在学龄前发育落后及脑瘫、注意力缺陷等儿童的临床效果上,仅有20.1%的研究成果在教育领域,主要为幼儿粗大动作发展教育;(2)体质健康方面,有59.9%的研究集中在文化科学领域,主要为学生体质健康现状和对策的研究,有32.7%为临床疗效观察,缺乏潜能教育的相关研究,更缺乏健康角度的整体性发展研究。结论:(1)0~6岁是婴幼儿运动发育的关键期,其潜能开发教育对儿童早期的生长发育具有重要意义;(2)6~18岁是儿童体质健康发展的重要阶段,其潜能开发教育对儿童学习运动技能具有重要价值;(3)从运动发育到体质健康发展是不同年龄段儿童的持续性整体发展任务,二者之间不但有着发展前后的顺序,更有着相互促进的关系,结合遗传、环境等因素,充分应用教育手段是其潜能开发的重要实践路径之一。

Objective:In order to further explore the overall development law and correlation of children's motor development and physical health,put forward the strategy for the overall development of children's health,and explore the ideal potential space for children's healthy development.Methods:Relevant literature in the past decade(2014-2023)were collated and analyzed,interviews with multiple industry experts were conducted,and a questionnaire survey was conducted.Results:(1)In terms of motor development,there was currently no consensus on its definition and evaluation indicators.79.9%of the research was focused on the field of medicine and health,mainly focusing on the clinical effects of children with delayed preschool development,cerebral palsy,attention deficit,etc,and only 20.1%of research results were in the field of education,mainly in the education of children's gross motor development.(2)In terms of physical health,59.9%of the research was concentrated in the field of cultural science,mainly focusing on the research on the current situation and countermeasures of students'physical health, and 32.7% was clinical efficacy observation. There was a lack of relevant research on potential education,and there was also a lack of research on comprehensive development from the perspective of health. Conclusion:(1) 0~6 years old is the critical period of infants' motor development, and their potential development education isof great significance to the early growth and development of children. (2) 6~18 years old is an important stage ofchildren's physical health development, and their potential development education has important value for childrento learn motor skills.(3)It is a sustained overall development task for children of different ages from motor developmentto physical health development, there is not only an order of development, but also a mutually promoting relationshipbetween the two, and fully utilizing educational methods is one of the important practical paths for their potentialdevelopment in combination with genetic, environmental and other factors.