协同共治视角下的环境治理现代化——基于地方环境政策修正利益主体的博弈分析

Modernization of Environmental Governance from the Perspective of Collaborative Governance:A Game Analysis Based on Local Environmental Policy Modification of Stakeholders

当前,环境治理已然成为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部分,并逐渐形成了比较完整的环境治理制度体系。基于多元主体协同共治视角,围绕政社互动的分析框架,就地方环境政策修正利益主体的博弈分析发现,在压力型体制和政绩竞争的驱使下,相关主体不可避免地将自身利益追求和行为倾向掺杂入地方环境政策修正之中,使得政策制定者和执行者为寻求利益最大化与其他利益主体展开竞争,致使地方环境决策和执行之间塑造了无形的组织界限。因而导致地方环境政策执行主体依托正式科层体制反馈政策设计问题往往难以奏效,不得不依托普通民众等社会主体采用非正式行为策略“自下而上”反向施压地方环境政策修正,但其成本付出也要远高于正式反馈的行为策略。由此提出,要建构政府与普通民众等社会主体相对平等的协同治理机制,推动基层政府由“行政枢纽”向“治理枢纽”转型以及引导普通民众等社会主体有序参与环境治理监督,才是打破地方环境决策和执行之间的组织壁垒、政府与社会实现双向良性互动以及推进中国式环境治理现代化的必由之路。

Currently,environmental governance has become an important component of promoting the modernization of national governance systems and governance capabilities,and has gradually formed a relatively complete environmental governance system.This study is based on the perspective of collaborative governance among multiple entities,and revolves around the analytical framework of political and social interaction.It is found that,driven by a pressure-based system and performance competition,relevant entities inevitably incorporate their own interests and behavioral tendencies into local environmental policy revisions,shaping an invisible organizational boundary between local environmental decision-making and implementation.As a result,it is often difficult for local environmental policy implementers to rely on formal bureaucratic systems to provide feedback on policy design issues,and they have to rely on social entities such as ordinary people to use informal behavior strategies to“bottom-up”reverse pressure local environmental policy revisions,but the cost is also much higher than the formal feedback behavior strategies.Therefore,it is proposed that local governments should actively empower social entities and construct a multi subject collaborative governance mechanism with relative equality between the government and social entities,which will be the only way to break the organizational barriers between local environmental decision-making and execution,achieve two-way positive interaction between the government and society,and promote the modernization of Chinese style environmental governance.