无副车架自卸汽车车架多目标轻量化优化

Multi-Objective Lightweight Optimization of the Frame of a Dump Truck Without Sub-Frame

为了进行无副车架自卸汽车车架轻量化设计,本文应用有限元分析软件,建立无副车架自卸汽车车架有限元模型。对扭转工况下车架结构强度进行有限元分析,得到车架应力分布,并对车架进行模态分析,根据车架结构强度的有限元计算结果,对安全系数较高的结构件进行灵敏度分析,确定优化设计变量。采用最优拉丁超立方法进行样本采集,建立Kriging近似模型,以质量和最大应力最小作为目标,以一阶模态频率为约束,基于NSGA-II算法对自卸汽车车架进行多目标优化设计。优化结果表明,在保证车架模态频率的情况下,质量减小了15.55%,最大应力减少了1.55%。该优化方法满足设计要求,具有较好的轻量化效果。

In order to carry out the lightweight design of the frame of the dump truck without subframe,this paper uses the finite element analysis software to establish the finite element model of the dump truck frame without subframe.The structural strength of the frame under torsion conditions is analyzed by finite element,and the result is obtained for the frame stress distribution and modal analysis of the frame.According to the finite element calculation results of the structural strength of the frame,the sensitivity analysis is carried out on the structural parts with high safety factor to determine the optimal design variables.The optimal Latin hypercube method is used for sample collection,and the Kriging approximation model is established.As the goal,with the first-order modal frequency as the constraint,the multi-objective optimization design of the dump truck frame is carried out based on the NSGA-II algorithm.The optimization results show that the mass is reduced by 15.55%and the maximum stress is reduced by 1.55%under the condition of ensuring the modal frequency of the frame.The optimization method meets the design requirements and has a good lightweight effect.