苎麻浸提液对4种田间杂草的化感作用

Allelopathic effect of ramie extracts on seeds of four field weeds

为了探究苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)茎杆和根部的不同溶剂提取液对4种田间杂草种子的化感作用,采用水、乙醇、石油醚分别浸提苎麻茎秆和根部,设置不同浸提液浓度(0.04、4.00、400 g·L^(−1))探究其对4种杂草种子萌发和幼苗发育的影响,旨在为绿色除草剂研发和杂草防治提供理论依据。结果表明:苎麻茎杆和根部水、乙醇、石油醚浸提液对稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)种子萌发有化感抑制作用,对狗尾草(Setaria viridis)种子萌发有化感促进作用,对早熟禾(Poa annua)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica)的化感效果因浸提部位、浸提溶剂种类和浸提液浓度的不同而不同。从化感综合效应指数来看,对稗草种子化感抑制作用最强的处理是400 g·L^(−1)苎麻茎秆乙醇浸提液;对早熟禾种子化感抑制作用最强的处理是400 g·L^(−1)苎麻根部乙醇浸提液,化感促进作用最强的处理是0.04 g·L^(−1)苎麻根茎部石油醚浸提液;对狗尾草种子化感促进作用最强的处理是0.04 g·L^(−1)苎麻根部乙醇浸提液;对牛筋草种子化感抑制作用最强的处理是0.04 g·L^(−1)苎麻根部水浸提液,化感促进作用最强的处理是4 g·L^(−1)苎麻茎秆石油醚浸提液。苎麻化感作用的强弱与处理对象、浸提液浓度及溶剂种类有关。

To explore the allelopathic effects of different solvent extracts of ramie stems and roots on the seeds of four field weeds,the effects were evaluated of different extract concentrations(0.04,4.00,and 400 g·L−1)with different solvents(water,ethanol,and petroleum ether)of ramie stems and roots on the seed germination and seedling development of the four weeds.The results provide a theoretical basics for future environment friendly herbicides research and weed control.The results showed that the water,ethanol,and petroleum ether extracts of ramie stems and roots had allelopathic-inhibiting effects on the germination of barnyardgrass seeds but had allelopathic-promoting effects on the germination of Setarria viridis.Additionally,the allelopathic effects differed for the different parts of ramie;the extraction solvent and the concentration of the extraction solution affected the germination of Poa peatensis and Eleusine indica.According to the synthetic effects demonstrated by the allelopathic index,the strongest allelopathic-inhibiting effect on barnyardgrass seeds was found with the 400 g·L^(−1) ethanol extract of ramie stems.The strongest allelopathic-inhibiting effect on Poa peatensis seeds was found with the 400 g·L^(−1) ethanol extract of ramie roots;the strongest allelopathic-promoting effect was found with the 0.04 g·L^(−1) petroleum ether extract of ramie root.The 0.04 g·L^(−1) petroleum ether extract of ramie root had the strongest allelopathic-promoting effect on Setarria viridis seeds.The strongest allelopathic-inhibiting effect on Eleusine seeds was found for the 0.04 g·L^(−1) water extract of ramie roots;the strongest allelopathic-promoting effect was obtained with 400 g·L^(−1) petroleum ether extract of ramie stem.So,the allelopathic effect of ramie is related to the treatment object,the concentration,of the extract and the solvent.