大豆品种耐盐碱鉴定与筛选研究

Identification and Screening of Salt and Alkali Tolerance of Soybean Varieties

试验选择在2块不相邻的地块上进行大田试验,盐碱地块(SL)与对照常规地块(CK),将50个大豆品种分别种植在2个地块上。对50个耐盐碱性不同大豆品种的形态性状和产量进行测定分析。研究表明,盐碱地块上种植的50份大豆供试品种与CK相比,大豆植株的株高、主茎节数、分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重均较对照减少,且下降幅度有所不同。盐碱地块种植各大豆品种与对照相比,表现均为减产,减产幅度为11.6%~30.6%,且产量差异均达到显著水平,其中有12个品种达到极显著水平。50个大豆品种减产达20%以上的有37个,其中品种9、12、19、21、48、49、50减产幅度较大,为25.9%~30.6%,表现为不耐盐碱;品种14、33、35、42减产幅度较小,为11.6%~14.5%,表现相对耐盐碱。筛选出4个耐盐碱性材料约占50份供试品种的8.0%,与前人研究大豆耐盐碱鉴定(2.10%~8.84%)比例一致。

The field experiment was carried out on two non⁃adjacent plots.50 soybean varieties were planted on two plots,respectively in sa⁃line⁃alkali plot(SL)and control plot(CK).The morphological characters and yield of 50 soybean varieties with different salt and alkaline toler⁃ance were measured and analyzed.The results showed that the plant height,number of main stem nodes,number of branches,number of pods per plant,number of seeds per plant and weight of seeds per plant of 50 tested soybean varieties planted on saline⁃alkali plots were lower than those of the control,and the decline range was different.Compared with the control,the yield of soybean varieties planted in saline⁃alkali plots decreased by 11.6%-30.6%,and the yield difference reached significant level,of which 12 reached extremely significant level.37 of the 50 soybean varieties decreased their yield by more than 20%.Among them,yield of varieties 9,12,19,21,48,49 and 50 decreased by 25.9%-30.6%,showing that they were not tolerant to salt and alkali.Varieties 14,33,35 and 42 showed relatively low yield reduction of 11.6%-14.5%,showing relatively salt and alkali tolerance.Four salt⁃alkali tolerant materials were screened in this experiment,accounting for 8.0%of the 50 tested varieties,and the proportion was consistent with that of previous studies on salt⁃alkali tolerance identification of soybean(2.10%-8.84%).